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Low-Complexity Beamspace DOA Estimation for Coherently Distributed Sources in Massive MIMO Systems

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Abstract

Coherently Distributed (CD) sources are suitable for practical direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication systems. However, massive MIMO systems employ a large number of antennas to improve performance, which significantly raises the complexity of conventional DOA estimation algorithms for CD sources. To reduce the complexity, a novel low-complexity CD unitary estimation of signal parameters via the rotational invariance technique (U-ESPRIT) algorithm based on discrete cosine transformation (DCT) beamspace transformation and multistage Wiener filter (BU-ESPRIT) is proposed in this paper. To concentrate the signal energy and make better use of beamspace features, the DCT transformation is used to extract the signal. For the sake of reducing the complexity and achieving accurate angle estimation, U-ESPRIT is performed in beamspace. Moreover, the covariance matrix matching process and eigenvalue decomposition of the covariance matrix are substituted by forward recursion of the multistage Wiener filter to further reduce the complexity of the proposed algorithm. Theoretical analysis indicates the computational superiority of the proposed algorithm over that of some existing algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can be utilized to efficiently estimate angles of CD sources in massive MIMO systems.

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Data Availability

The data and program that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62071257 and 62161037), in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China under Grant 2019MS06033 and in part by the Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region under Grant NJYT-20-A11.

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Author notes

  1. Xin He and Yang Liu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Electronic Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 Daxuexi Road, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China

    Xin He, Yang Liu, Zifan Jia, Huijuan Wu & Yinghui Zhang

  2. Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China

    Tianshuang Qiu

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  1. Xin He
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Correspondence to Huijuan Wu.

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He, X., Liu, Y., Jia, Z. et al. Low-Complexity Beamspace DOA Estimation for Coherently Distributed Sources in Massive MIMO Systems. Circuits Syst Signal Process 42, 4868–4896 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-023-02336-z

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