Abstract
We have developed an interactive virtual reality (VR) surgical simulator for the training and assessment of suturing technique in the context of end-to-end anastomosis. The surgical simulator is comprised of surgical tools with force feedback, a 3D visual display of the simulated surgical field, physics-based computer simulations of the tissues and tools, and software to measure and evaluate the trainee’s performance. This study uses the simulator to compare the skills of experienced vascular surgeons to medical students. Eight parameters were measured to evaluate performance during VR suturing tasks. The data indicate significant differences between surgeon and non-surgeon performance, as well as improvement in performance with training. We believe that this study offers support for the use of virtual reality surgical simulators to augment surgical skill assessment and training.
Chapter PDF
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Barnes, R. W., Lange, N.P., Whiteside, M.F.: Halstedian Technique Revisited, Annals of Surgery, 210, 1989: 118–121.
Barnes, R. W.,Surgical Handicraft: Teaching and Learning Surgical Skills, The American Journal of Surgery 153, 1987: 422–427.
Playter, R., Raibert, M.,A Virtual Surgery Simulator Using Advanced Haptic Feedback, Journal of Minimally Invasive Therapy, To Appear, 1997.
Satava, R. M., Medical Virtual Reality, The Current Status of the Future. S. Weghorst, H. Siegurg and K. Morgan Eds., Health Care in the Information Age. IOS Press, Amsterdam, 1996: 542–45.
Satava, R. M., Virtual Reality Surgical Simulator: The First Steps, Surg Endosc 7, 1993: 203–05.
Reinig K., C. Rush, H. Pelster, V. Spitzer, and J. Heath, Real-Time Visually and Haptically Accurate Surgical Simulation. S. Weghorst, H. Siegurg and K. Morgan Eds., Health Care in the Information Age. IOS Press, Amsterdam, 1996: 542–45.
Baumann, R., D. Glauser, D. Tappy, C. Bauer, and R. Clavel, Force Feedback for Virtual Reality Based Minimally Invasive Surgery Simulator. S. Weghorst, H. Siegurg and K. Morgan Eds., Health Care in the Information Age. IOS Press, Amsterdam, 1996: 564–579.
Fischer, H., B. Neisius and R. Trapp, Tactile Feedback for Endoscopic Surgery. K. Morgan, R. Satava, H. Sieburg, R. Mattheus, and J. Christensen Eds., Interactive Technology and the New Paradigm for Healthcare, IOS Press, Amsterdam, 1995: 114–117.
Singh, S., M. Bostrom, D. Popa, and C. Wiley, Design of an Interactive Lubar Puncture Simulator with Tactile Feedback. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automoation, IEEE, New York, 1994: 1734–1752.
McDonald, J., L. Rosenberg and D. Stredney, Virtual Reality Technology Applied to Anesthesiology. K. Morgan, R. Satava, H. Sieburg, R. Mattheus, and J. Christensen Eds., Interactive Technology and the New Paradigm for Healthcare, IOS Press, Amsterdam, 1995: 237–243.
Steele, R. J. C., Walder, C., and Herbert, M., Psychomoter testing and the ability to perform an anstomosis in junior surgical trainees, Br. J. Surg, 1992, 79:1065–1066.
Harris, C.J., Herbert, M., and Steele, R.J.C., Psychomotor skills of surgical trainees compared with those of different medical specialists, Br. J. Surg, 1994, 81: 382–283.
Squire, D., Giachino, A.A., Profit, A.W., Heaney, C., Objective comparison of manual dexterity in physicians and surgeons Can J Surg 1989; 32:467–76.
Scheueneman, A., Pickleman, J., Freeark, R. Age, gender, lateral dominance, and prediction of operative skill among surgical residents. Surgery 1983;98: 506–13.
Higgens, G. A., Merrill, G.L., Hettinger, L.J., Kaufman, C.R., Champion, H.R., and Satava, R.M. New Simulation Technologies for Surgical Training and Certification: Current Status and Future Projections, Presence, 6 (2) April 1997, 160–172.
Weghorst, S., Airola, C., Oppenheimer, P., Edmond, C.V., Patience, T., Heskamp, D., and Miller, J., Validation of the Madigan ESS Simulator, In: Westwood, J.D., Hoffman, H.M., Stredney, D. And Weghorst, S.J. Medicine Meets Virtual Reality: Art, Sceince, Technology: Healthcare (R)Evolution, IOS Press, 1998, pg.399–405.
Taffinder, N., Sutton, C, Fishwick, R.J., McManus, I.C., and Darzi, A. Validation of Virtual Reality to Teach and Access Psychomotor Skills in Laparoscopic Surgery: Results from Randomised Controlled Studeies Using the MIST VR Laparoscopic Simulator, In: Westwood, J.D., Hoffman, H.M, Stredney, D. And Weghorst, S.J. Medicine Meets Virtual Reality: Art, Sceince, Technology: Healthcare (R)Evolution, IOS Press, 1998, pg.124–130.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
O’Toole, R. et al. (1998). Assessing skill and learning in surgeons and medical students using a force feedback surgical simulator. In: Wells, W.M., Colchester, A., Delp, S. (eds) Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention — MICCAI’98. MICCAI 1998. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1496. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0056278
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0056278
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-65136-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-49563-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive