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Quelques applications de la télédétection à la physique des surfaces continentales

Some remote sensing applications to continental surface physics

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Résumé

L’amélioration de la modélisation des processus physiques mis en jeu dans le cycle de l’eau comme dans celui du carbone passe aujourd’hui par une description fine des surfaces continentales et des échanges à l’interface sol-végétation-atmosphère. Cet article illustre les potentialités de la télédétection, qui permet d’observer de faç on régulière et à des échelles spatiales toujours plus fines, pour retrouver des paramètres physiques caractérisant les surfaces observées. Les paramètres considérés sont : la végétation (type et densité), le contenu en eau du sol, et la rugosité du sol (microtopographie et couverture en cailloux).

Dans le cas de la végétation, les meilleurs résultats, pour la distinction entre les différents types de végétation, sont obtenus par combinaison d’images multi-sources (radar multitemporel, visible/infrarouge). Pour l’état hydrique du sol, dans le cas des données radar, on présente une approche semi-empirique, qui utilise un modèle de transfert radiatif pour corriger l’effet de la végétation ; et dans le cas des données en infrarouge thermique, l’inversion est réalisée par comparaison des données de satellite avec les simulations d’un modèle physique des échanges sol-végétation-atmosphère. Enfin, pour la rugosité, à l’heure actuelle, seule la partie modélisation directe, par différents modèles électromagnétiques approchés ou exacts, est effectivement validée.

Abstract

The improvement of the modelling of the physical processes related to the water or the carbon cycle requires an accurate description of the continental surfaces and the exchanges at the soil-vegetation-atmos-phere interface. This paper presents some results concerning the potentialities of remote sensing, which enables a regular Earth watching at more and more fine spatial resolution, for surface physical parameter retrieval. The physical parameters we consider here are : the vegetation (type and density), the soil water content, and the soil roughness (microtopography and stone cover).

In the case of the vegetation, the best results, in terms of distinction between the different kinds of vegetation, are obtained from combination of multisource images (multitemporal radar, visible/infrared). For soil moisture retrieval, in the case of the sar data, the approach presented is semi-empirical, using a radiative transfer model for vegetation effect correction ; and in the case of the thermal infrared data, the inversion is done by coupling satellite data and Soil Vegetation Atmosphere Transfer model. Finally, concerning soil roughness, nowadays, only the direct modelling, according to different electromagnetic models approximated or exact, is actually validated.

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  1. CETP/CNRS, 10–12 av. de l’Europe, 78140, Vélizy, France

    S. LE Hégarat-mascle, M. Zribi & C. Ottlé

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  1. S. LE Hégarat-mascle
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Hégarat-mascle, S.L., Zribi, M. & Ottlé, C. Quelques applications de la télédétection à la physique des surfaces continentales. Ann. Télécommun. 56, 617–631 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02995556

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