Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

Skip to main content
Log in

Toward objective classification of childhood autism: Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS)

  • Published:
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Creak, M. Schizophrenia syndrome in childhood: Progress report of a working party.Cerebral Palsy Bulletin, 1961,3, 501–504.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creak, M. Schizophrenic syndrome in childhood: Further progress of a working party.Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1964,6, 530–535.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldfarb, W., Receptor preferences in schizophrenic children.Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 1956,76, 643–652.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermelin, B. A., & O'Connor, N.Psychological experiments with autistic children. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollingshead, A., & Redlich, F.Social class and mental illness. New York: Wiley, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanner, L. Autistic disturbances of affective contact.Nervous Child, 1943,2, 217–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lotter, V. Epidemiology of autistic conditions in young children. I. Prevalence.Social Psychiatry, 1966,1, 124–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lovaas, O. I. Contrasting illness and behavioral models for the treatment of autistic children: A historical perspective.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1979,9, 315–323.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nunnally, J.Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ornitz, E. M., & Ritvo, E. R. Perceptual inconstancy in early infantile autism.Archives of General Psychiatry, 1968,18, 76–98.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reichler, R. J., & Schopler, E. Observations on the nature of human relatedness.Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1971,1, 283–296.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rimland, B.Infantile autism. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rimland, B. The differentiation of childhood psychoses: An analysis of checklists for 2,218 psychotic children.Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1971,1, 161–174.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ritvo, E. R., & Freeman, B. J. National Society for Autistic Children definition of autism.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1978,8, 162–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M. Diagnosis and definition of childhood autism.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1978,8, 139–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E. Early infantile autism and receptor processes.Archives of General Psychiatry, 1965,13, 327–335.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E., & Reichler, R. J. Parents as cotherapists of psychotic children.Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1971,1, 87–102.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E., & Reichler, R. J.Individualized assessment and treatment for autistic and developmentally delayed children. Volume I, psychoeducational profile. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E., Rutter, M., & Chess, S. Editorial: Change in journal scope and title.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1979,9, 1–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schreibman, L., & Lovaas, O. I. Overselective response to social stimuli by autistic children.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 1973,1, 152–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wing, L. Social, behavioral and cognitive characteristics: An epidemiological approach. In M. Rutter & E. Schopler (Eds.),Autism: A reappraisal of concepts and treatment. New York: Plenum Press, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Schopler, E., Reichler, R.J., DeVellis, R.F. et al. Toward objective classification of childhood autism: Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). J Autism Dev Disord 10, 91–103 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02408436

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02408436

Keywords

Navigation