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Shrinkage and swelling of stems ofPinus resinosa andBetula papyrifera in northern Wisconsin

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Summary

Seasonal and diurnal stem shrinkage and swelling ofPinus resinosa andBetula papyrifera trees were studied with dendrographs in northern Wisconsin from May 24 to September 15, 1972. Both seasonal and diurnal shrinkage and swelling were greater in Pinus than in Betula. Stems of some Pinus trees shrank progressively after cessation of seasonal cambial growth. Betula trees neither showed a long-term trend of late-season shrinkage nor appreciable diurnal shrinkage and swelling after seasonal cambial growth ceased. In Pinus diurnal shrinkage and swelling were greater in the upper than in the lower stem. Daily stem shrinkage usually proceeded faster than stem expansion. Shrinkage was greater in Pinus trees growing on the upper part of a slope than on the lower slope. This difference was attributed to higher internal water deficits of upper slope trees. Shrinking and swelling of stems of both species were correlated with factors affecting internal water balance in trees. Most important were maximum air temperature, saturation deficit, and soil moisture. In addition a time factor, which confirmed a seasonal trend, turned out to be significant, especially for Betula trees. Lag responses to environmental change were stronger for stem swelling than for stem shrinkage. The importance of stem shrinkage and swelling as a source of error in estimating cambial growth from observations of radial stem increment is emphasized.

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Author notes

  1. F. H. Brække

    Present address: Norwegian Forest Research Institute, 1432, Ås-NLH, Norway

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Forestry, Univ. of Wisconsin, 53706, Madison, Wisconsin

    F. H. Brække & T. T. Kozlowski

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  1. F. H. Brække
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Brække, F.H., Kozlowski, T.T. Shrinkage and swelling of stems ofPinus resinosa andBetula papyrifera in northern Wisconsin. Plant Soil 43, 387–410 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01928502

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01928502

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