Abstract
Motion sickness (MS) is a normal response to real, perceived, or even anticipated movement. People tend to get motion sickness on a moving boat, train, airplane, car, or amusement park rides. Although many motion sickness-related biomarkers have been identified, but how to estimate human’s motion sickness level (MSL) is a big challenge in the operational environment. Traditionally, questionnaire and physical check are the common ways to passively evaluate subject’s sickness level. Our past studies had investigated the EEG activities correlated with motion sickness in a virtual-reality based driving simulator. The driving simulator comprised an actual automobile mounted on a Stewart motion platform with six degrees of freedom, providing both visual and vestibular stimulations to induce motion-sickness in a manner that is close to that in daily life. EEG data were acquired at a sampling rate of 500 Hz using a 32-channel EEG system. The acquired EEG signals were analyzed using independent component analysis (ICA) and time-frequency analysis to assess EEG correlates of motion sickness. Subject’s degree of motion-sickness was simultaneously and continuously reported using an onsite joystick, providing non-stop psychophysical references to the recorded EEG changes. We found that the parietal, motor, occipital brain regions exhibited significant EEG power changes in response to vestibular and visual stimuli. Based on these findings and experimental results, this study aims to develop an EEG-based system to estimate subject’s motion sickness level upon the EEG power spectra from motion-sickness related brain areas. The MS evaluation system can be applied to early detection of the subject’s motion sickness and prevent its uncomfortable syndromes in our daily life. Furthermore, the experiment results could also lead to a practical human-machine interface for noninvasive monitoring of motion sickness of drivers or passengers in real-world environments.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Reason, J.T., Brand, J.J.: Motion-sickness. Academic Press, London (1975)
Brandt, T., Dieterich, M., Danek, A.: Vestibular cortex lesions affect the perception of verticality. Annals of Neurology 35(4), 403–412 (1994)
Fasold, O., von Brevern, M., Kuhberg, M., Ploner, C.J., Villringer, A., Lempert, T., Wenzel, R.: Human vestibular cortex as identified with caloric stimulation in functional magnetic resonance imaging. NeuroImage 17(3), 1384–1393 (2002)
Lobel, E., Kleine, J.F., Le Bihan, D., Leroy-Willig, A., Berthoz, A.: Functional MRI of galvanic vestibular stimulation. The Journal of Neurophysiology 80(5), 2699–2709 (1998)
De Waele, C., Baudonniere, P.M., Lepecq, J.C., Tran Ba Huy, P., Vidal, P.P.: Vestibular projections in human cortex. Experimental Brain Research 141, 541–551 (2001)
Wood, C.D., Stewart, J.J., Wood, M.J., Struve, F.A., Straumanis, J.J., Mims, M.E., Patrick, G.Y.: Habituation and motion-sickness. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 34, 628–634 (1994)
Wood, S.J.: Human otolith-ocular reflexes during off-vertical axis rotation: effect of frequency on tilt-translation ambiguity and motion-sickness. Neuroscience Letters 323(1), 41–44 (2002)
Wu, J.P.: EEG changes in man during motion-sickness induced by parallel swing. Space Medicine and Medical Engineering 5(3), 200–205 (1992)
Chelen, W.E., Kabrisky, M., Rogers, S.K.: Spectral analysis of the electroencephalographic response to motion-sickness. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 64(1), 24–29 (1993)
Hu, S., McChesney, K.A., Player, K.A., Bahl, A.M., Buchanan, J.B., Scozzafava, J.E.: Systematic investigation of physiological correlates of motion-sickness induced by viewing an optokinetic rotating drum. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 70(8), 759–765 (1999)
Chen, Y.C., Duann, J.R., Chuang, S.W., Lin, C.L., Ko, L.W., Jung, T.P., Lin, C.T.: Spatial and Temporal EEG Dynamics of Motion Sickness. NeuroImage 49(3), 2862–2870 (2010)
Lin, C.T., Chuang, S.W., Chen, Y.C., Ko, L.W., Liang, S.F., Jung, T.P.: EEG Effects of Motion Sickness Induced in a Dynamic Virtual Reality Environment. In: Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS 2007), Cité Internationale, Lyon, France, August 23-26 (2007)
Yu, Y.H., Lai, P.C., Ko, L.W., Chuang, C.H., Kuo, B.C., Lin, C.T.: An EEG-based Classification System of Passenger’s Motion Sickness Level by using Feature Extraction/Selection Technologies. In: Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI 2010), Barcelona, Spain, July 18-July 23 (2010)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ko, LW., Wei, CS., Jung, TP., Lin, CT. (2011). Estimating the Level of Motion Sickness Based on EEG Spectra. In: Schmorrow, D.D., Fidopiastis, C.M. (eds) Foundations of Augmented Cognition. Directing the Future of Adaptive Systems. FAC 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 6780. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21852-1_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21852-1_21
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-21851-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-21852-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)