Abstract
The wide variety of small, computationally weak devices, and the growing number of computationally intensive tasks makes it appealing to delegate computation to data centers. However, outsourcing computation is useful only when the returned result can be trusted, which makes verifiable computation (VC) a must for such scenarios.
In this work we extend the definition of verifiable computation in two important directions: public delegation and public verifiability, which have important applications in many practical delegation scenarios. Yet, existing VC constructions based on standard cryptographic assumptions fail to achieve these properties.
As the primary contribution of our work, we establish an important (and somewhat surprising) connection between verifiable computation and attribute-based encryption (ABE), a primitive that has been widely studied. Namely, we show how to construct a VC scheme with public delegation and public verifiability from any ABE scheme. The VC scheme verifies any function in the class of functions covered by the permissible ABE policies (currently Boolean formulas). This scheme enjoys a very efficient verification algorithm that depends only on the output size. Efficient delegation, however, requires the ABE encryption algorithm to be cheaper than the original function computation. Strengthening this connection, we show a construction of a multi-function verifiable computation scheme from an ABE scheme with outsourced decryption, a primitive defined recently by Green, Hohenberger and Waters (USENIX Security 2011). A multi-function VC scheme allows the verifiable evaluation of multiple functions on the same preprocessed input.
In the other direction, we also explore the construction of an ABE scheme from verifiable computation protocols.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Applebaum, B., Ishai, Y., Kushilevitz, E.: Cryptography in NC\(^{\mbox{0}}\). In: Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, FOCS (2004)
Applebaum, B., Ishai, Y., Kushilevitz, E.: From Secrecy to Soundness: Efficient Verification via Secure Computation. In: Abramsky, S., Gavoille, C., Kirchner, C., Meyer auf der Heide, F., Spirakis, P.G. (eds.) ICALP 2010, Part I. LNCS, vol. 6198, pp. 152–163. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Barbosa, M., Farshim, P.: Delegatable homomorphic encryption with applications to secure outsourcing of computation. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2011/215 (2011)
Benabbas, S., Gennaro, R., Vahlis, Y.: Verifiable Delegation of Computation over Large Datasets. In: Rogaway, P. (ed.) CRYPTO 2011. LNCS, vol. 6841, pp. 111–131. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Bitansky, N., Canetti, R., Chiesa, A., Tromer, E.: From extractable collision resistance to succinct non-interactive arguments of knowledge, and back again. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2011/443 (2011)
Blum, M., Feldman, P., Micali, S.: Non-interactive zero-knowledge and its applications (extended abstract). In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, STOC (1988)
Boneh, D., Franklin, M.: Identity-based encryption from the Weil pairing. SIAM Journal of Computing 32(3), 586–615 (2003)
Boneh, D., Sahai, A., Waters, B.: Functional Encryption: Definitions and Challenges. In: Ishai, Y. (ed.) TCC 2011. LNCS, vol. 6597, pp. 253–273. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Canetti, R., Riva, B., Rothblum, G.N.: Two 1-round protocols for delegation of computation. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2011/518 (2011)
Chung, K.-M., Kalai, Y., Vadhan, S.: Improved Delegation of Computation Using Fully Homomorphic Encryption. In: Rabin, T. (ed.) CRYPTO 2010. LNCS, vol. 6223, pp. 483–501. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Gennaro, R., Gentry, C., Parno, B.: Non-interactive Verifiable Computing: Outsourcing Computation to Untrusted Workers. In: Rabin, T. (ed.) CRYPTO 2010. LNCS, vol. 6223, pp. 465–482. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Gentry, C., Wichs, D.: Separating succinct non-interactive arguments from all falsifiable assumptions. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, STOC (2011)
Goldwasser, S., Kalai, Y.T., Rothblum, G.N.: Delegating computation: interactive proofs for muggles. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computing, STOC (2008)
Goldwasser, S., Lin, H., Rubinstein, A.: Delegation of computation without rejection problem from designated verifier CS-proofs. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2011/456 (2011)
Goyal, V., Pandey, O., Sahai, A., Waters, B.: Attribute-based encryption for fine-grained access control of encrypted data. In: Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, CCS (2006)
Green, M., Hohenberger, S., Waters, B.: Outsourcing the decryption of ABE ciphertexts. In: Proceedings of the USENIX Security Symposium (2011)
Katz, J., Sahai, A., Waters, B.: Predicate Encryption Supporting Disjunctions, Polynomial Equations, and Inner Products. In: Smart, N.P. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 2008. LNCS, vol. 4965, pp. 146–162. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Kilian, J.: Improved Efficient Arguments (Preliminary Version). In: Coppersmith, D. (ed.) CRYPTO 1995. LNCS, vol. 963, pp. 311–324. Springer, Heidelberg (1995)
Lewko, A., Okamoto, T., Sahai, A., Takashima, K., Waters, B.: Fully Secure Functional Encryption: Attribute-Based Encryption and (Hierarchical) Inner Product Encryption. In: Gilbert, H. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 2010. LNCS, vol. 6110, pp. 62–91. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Micali, S.: CS proofs (extended abstract). In: Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, FOCS (1994)
Ostrovsky, R., Sahai, A., Waters, B.: Attribute-based encryption with non-monotonic access structures. In: Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, CCS (2007)
Papamanthou, C., Shi, E., Tamassia, R.: Publicly verifiable delegation of computation. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2011/587 (2011)
Papamanthou, C., Tamassia, R., Triandopoulos, N.: Optimal Verification of Operations on Dynamic Sets. In: Rogaway, P. (ed.) CRYPTO 2011. LNCS, vol. 6841, pp. 91–110. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Sahai, A., Seyalioglu, H.: Worry-free encryption: functional encryption with public keys. In: Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, CCS (2010)
Sahai, A., Waters, B.: Fuzzy Identity-Based Encryption. In: Cramer, R. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 2005. LNCS, vol. 3494, pp. 457–473. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Parno, B., Raykova, M., Vaikuntanathan, V. (2012). How to Delegate and Verify in Public: Verifiable Computation from Attribute-Based Encryption. In: Cramer, R. (eds) Theory of Cryptography. TCC 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7194. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28914-9_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28914-9_24
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-28913-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-28914-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)