Abstract
Base stations in mobile networks have very strict frequency synchronisation (also referred to as syntonisation) requirements. As backhaul networks are migrated to asynchronous packet-switching technology, timing over packet using the IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) replaces current synchronisation methods that rely on the synchronous bit clock of the network. With PTP, base-station clocks derive their frequency from the inter-packet delays of Sync messages sent by a high-quality time source at regular time intervals. Packet-delay variation (PDV) thus has a major impact on the achievable synchronisation quality, and the amount of PDV of a backhaul network determines whether the network can support frequency synchronisation of base stations. We present a simulation and an analytical approach to assessing the suitability of backhaul networks for clock synchronisation using PTP and derive two methods for reducing PDV.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
3GPP, TS 25.104, V9.5.0 (2010-09) Base station (BS) radio transmission and reception (FDD), http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/specs/html-info/25104.htm
IEEE, Std 1588-2008, IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=4579760
Cosart, L.: Studying network timing with precision packet delay measurements. In: Proc. 40th Annual Precise and Time Interval (PTTI) Meeting (2008)
Cosart, L.: Packet network timing measurement and analysis using an ieee 1588 probe and new metrics. In: International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication, ISPCS 2009, pp. 1–6 (October 2009)
Holmeide, O., Skeie, T.: Time Synchronization in Switched Ethernet. OnTime Networks, Tech. Rep., Unknown publication date, http://www.westermo.com/dman/Document.phx/Manuals/Manuals+for+UK+only/Ontime/Articles/Time_Sync.pdf?folderId=%2FManuals%2FManuals+for+UK+only%2FOntime%2FArticles&cmd=download (last seen February 14, 2011)
Jacobs, A., Wernicke, J., Gordon, B., George, A.: Characterization of quality of service in commercial ethernet switches for statistically bounded latency in aircraft networks. High Performance Computing and Simulation (HCS) Research Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Tech. Rep. (2004), http://www.hcs.ufl.edu/~jacobs/rockwell_qos.doc (last seen February 14, 2011)
Zarick, R., Hagen, M., Bartos, R.: The impact of network latency on the synchronization of real-world ieee 1588-2008 devices. In: 2010 International IEEE Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement Control and Communication, ISPCS 2010, pp. 135–140 (October 2010)
Jobert, S.: About the control of pdv using qos mechanisms and the applicability of proposed pdv metrics (mafe and mintdev), France Telecom, Tech. Rep. (2009)
ITU, G.8261/Y.1361 (04/2008) Timing and synchronization aspects in packet networks (April 2008), http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.8261-200804-I
ITU, Recommendation Y.1540 – IP packet transfer and availability performance parameters (November 2002), http://www.itu.int/itudoc/itu-t/aap/sg13aap/history/y1540/y1540.html
Demichelis, C., Chimento, P.: IP Packet Delay Variation Metric for IP Performance Metrics (IPPM). RFC 3393 (Proposed Standard), Internet Engineering Task Force (November 2002), http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3393.txt
Dobinson, R.W., Haas, S., Korcyl, K., Levine, M.J., Lokier, J., Martin, B., Meirosu, C., Saka, F., Vella, K.: Testing and modeling ethernet switches and networks for use in atlas high-level triggers. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 48, 607–612 (2001)
Burch, J., Green, K., Nakulski, J., Vook, D.: Verifying the performance of transparent clocks in ptp systems. In: International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication, ISPCS 2009, pp. 1–6 (October 2009)
Bui, D.T., Dupas, A., Le Pallec, M.: Packet delay variation management for a better ieee1588v2 performance. In: International IEEE Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication, Brescia, pp. 1–6 (October 2009)
IEEE, IEEE 802.3: LAN/MAN CSMA/CDE (Ethernet) Access Method, http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/802.3.html
Various authors, The Network Simulator ns-2, http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ (last seen May 11, 2010)
Neuts, M.F.: Matrix-Geometric Solutions in Stochastic Models. An Algorithmic Approach. Dover Publications, Inc., New York (1981)
Horváth, A., Telek, M.: PhFit: A General Phase-Type Fitting Tool. In: Field, T., Harrison, P.G., Bradley, J., Harder, U. (eds.) TOOLS 2002. LNCS, vol. 2324, pp. 82–91. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Reinecke, P., Wolter, K., Bodrog, L., Telek, M.: On the Cost of Generating PH-distributed Random Numbers. In: Horváth, G., Joshi, K., Heindl, A. (eds.) Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Performability Modeling of Computer and Communication Systems (PMCCS 2009), Eger, Hungary, September 17–18, pp. 16–20 (2009)
Reinecke, P., Telek, M., Wolter, K.: Reducing the cost of generating APH-distributed random numbers. In: Müller-Clostermann, B., Echtle, K., Rathgeb, E.P. (eds.) MMB&DFT 2010. LNCS, vol. 5987, pp. 274–286. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Tanenbaum, A.S.: Computer Networks, 3rd edn. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1996)
Mochizuki, B., Hadžić, I.: Improving ieee 1588v2 clock performance through controlled packet departures. Comm. Letters 14(5), 459–461 (2010)
Vallat, A., Schneuwly, D.: Clock synchronization in telecommunications via ptp (ieee 1588). In: IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, 2007 Joint with the 21st European Frequency and Time, Forum, pp. 334–341 (June 2007)
Tu, K.-Y., Liao, C.-S., Lin, S.-Y.: Remote frequency control via ieee 1588. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 58(4), 1263–1267 (2009)
Murakami, T., Horiuchi, Y.: Improvement of synchronization accuracy in ieee 1588 using a queuing estimation method. In: International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication, ISPCS 2009, pp. 1–5 (October 2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Wolter, K., Reinecke, P., Mittermaier, A. (2011). Model-Based Evaluation and Improvement of PTP Syntonisation Accuracy in Packet-Switched Backhaul Networks for Mobile Applications. In: Thomas, N. (eds) Computer Performance Engineering. EPEW 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6977. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24749-1_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24749-1_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-24748-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-24749-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)