Abstract
Many incidents of ethno-religious violence in recent history have been associated with the fall of an authoratarian regime or have been perpetrated by dictators. These incidents underline the importance of the roles of political and/or religious leaders in the context of ethno-religious conflicts. In this paper, we extend the computational model of ethno-religious conflicts (based on repeated prisoner’s dilemma (PD) game in graphs) proposed in , to include the effect of the leaders of the different groups. We present simulation results showing some interesting emergent effects: (a) even when a high fraction of the population of the two groups are willing to compromise with each other, if the leaders are not willing to compromise, there is high potential of conflict between the two groups, and (b) when a majority of the two population groups are unwilling to compromise, even if the leaders are willing to compromise, there is still a high potential of conflict between the two groups. Our simulation results also show that the two groups can coexist in peace, i.e., there is low potential of conflict, when both the leaders and a large fraction of the population are willing to compromise.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Luo, L., Chakraborty, N., Sycara, K.: Modeling ethno-religious conflicts as prisoner’s dilemma game in graphs. In: IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, vol. 4, pp. 442–449 (2009)
Toft, M.D.: The Geography of Ethnic Violence: Identity, Interests, and the Indivisibility of Terrirtory. Princeton University Press, Princeton (2006)
Luo, L., Chakraborty, N., Sycara, K.: Prisoner’s dilemma on graphs with heterogeneous agents. In: GECCO 2009: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference Companion on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pp. 2097–2102 (2009)
Lumsden, M.: The cyprus conflict as a prisoner’s dilemma game. Journal of Conflict Resolution 17(1), 7–32 (1973)
Jackson, M.O.: Representing and Measuring Networks. In: Social and economic networks, pp. 37–43. Princeton University Press, Princeton (2008)
Epstein, J.: Modeling civil violence: An agent-based computational approach. PNAS 99(Suppl. 3), 7243–7250 (2002)
Goh, C.K., Quek, H.Y., Tan, K.C., Abbass, H.A.: Modeling civil violence: An evolutionary multi-agent, game theoretic approach. In: IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, pp. 1624–1631 (2006)
Srbljinovic, A., Penzar, D., Rodik, P., Kardov, K.: An agent based model of ethnic mobilisation. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 6(1) (2003)
Lim, M., Metzler, R., Bar-Yam, Y.: Global Pattern Formation and Ethnic/Cultural Violence. Science 317(5844), 1540–1544 (2007)
Barabasi, L.-A., Albert, R.: Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks. Science 286(5439), 509–512 (1999)
Nakao, K.: Creation of social order in ethnic conflict. Journal of theoretical politics 21(3), 365–394 (2009)
Bernard, M., Backus, G.: Modeling the interaction between leaders and society during conflict situations. In: 27th Intl. System Dynamics Conference (2009)
Phillips, C.L., Sokoloff, S.K., Crosscope, J.R., Geddes, N.D.: A validation process for predicting stratagemical behavior patterns of powerful leaders in conflict. In: Social Computing and Behavioral Modeling, pp. 155–162. Springer, US (2009)
Silverman, B.G., Bharathy, G., Nye, B., Eidelson, R.J.: Modeling factions for ”effects based operations”: part I–leaders and followers. Comput. Math. Organ. Theory 13(4), 379–406 (2007)
Nowak, M., Sigmund, K.: Game-dynamical aspects of the prisoner’s dilemma. Appl. Math. Comput. 30(3), 191–213 (1989)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Luo, L., Chakraborty, N., Sycara, K. (2010). Modeling Effect of Leaders in Ethno-Religious Conflicts. In: Chai, SK., Salerno, J.J., Mabry, P.L. (eds) Advances in Social Computing. SBP 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6007. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12079-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12079-4_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-12078-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-12079-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)