Abstract
The discovery of relevant software artifacts can increase software reuse and reduce the cost of software development and maintenance. Furthermore, change requests, which are a leading cause of project failures, can be better classified and handled when all relevant artifacts are available to the decision makers. However, traditional full-text and similarity search techniques often fail to provide the full set of relevant documents because they do not take into consideration existing relationships between software artifacts. We propose a metadata approach with semantic networks which convey such relationships. Our approach reveals additional relevant artifacts that the user might have not been aware of. We also apply contextual information to filter out results unrelated to the user contexts, thus, improving the precision of the search results. Experimental results show that the combination of semantic networks and context significantly improve the precision and recall of the search results.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aamodt, A., Plaza, E.: Case-based reasoning: Foundational Issues, Methodological Variations, and System Approaches. Artificial Intelligence Communications 7(1), 39–59 (1994)
Agrawal, R., Rantzau, R., Terzi, E.: Context-sensitive ranking. In: ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of data, Chicago, IL, USA, pp. 383–394 (2006)
Aleman-Meza, B., Halaschek-Wiener, C., Arpinar, I.B., Ramakrishnan, C., Sheth, A.P.: Ranking Complex Relationships on the Semantic Web. IEEE Internet Computing, 37–44 (2005)
Antoniou, G., Hermelen, F.v.: A Semantic Web Primer, p. 238. The MIT Press, Cambridge (2004)
Anvik, J., Hiew, L., Murphy, G.C.: Who should fix this bug? In: International Conference on Software Engineering (2006)
Baeza-Yates, R.A., Ribeiro-Neto, B.A.: Modern Information Retrieval. ACM Press / Addison-Wesley (1999)
Basili, V.R., Rombach, H.D.: Support for Comprehensive Reuse. IEEE Software Engineering Journal 6(5), 303–316 (1991)
Bazire, M., Brezillon, P.: Understanding Context Before Using It. In: Dey, A.K., Kokinov, B., Leake, D.B., Turner, R. (eds.) CONTEXT 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3554, pp. 29–40. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Bergmann, R., Göker, M.: Developing Industrial Case-Based Reasoning Applications Using the INRECA Methodology. In: Workshop at the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI - Automating the Construction of Case Based Reasoners, Stockholm (1999)
Berners-Lee, T., Hendler, J., Lassila, O.: The Semantic Web. Scientific American 284(5), 34–43 (2001)
Bohner, S.A., Arnold, R.S.: Software Change Impact Analysis. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (1996)
Bouquet, P., Giunchiglia, F., van Harmelen, F., Serafini, L., Stuckenschmidt, H.: C-OWL: Contextualizing ontologies. In: Fensel, D., Sycara, K., Mylopoulos, J. (eds.) ISWC 2003. LNCS, vol. 2870, pp. 164–179. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Brezillon, P.: Context in Human Machine Problem Solving: A Survey. LAFORIA (1996)
Canfora, G., Cerulo, L.: Impact analysis by mining software and change request repositories. In: International Software Metrics Symposium, METRICS 2005 (2005)
Canfora, G., Cerulo, L., Penta, M.D.: Relating software interventions through IR techniques. In: International Conference on Software Management (2006)
Chen, Z., Gangopadhyay, A., Holden, S., Karabatis, G., McGuire, M.: Semantic Integration of Government Data for Water Quality Management. Journal of Government Information Quarterly – Special Issue on Information Integration 24(4), 716–735 (2007)
Chen, Z., Gangopadhyay, A., Karabatis, G., McGuire, M., Welty, C.: Semantic Integration and Knowledge Discovery for Environmental Research. Journal of Database Management 18(1), 43–67 (2007)
Cubranic, D., Murphy, G.C.: Automatic bug triage using text categorization. In: International Conference on Software Engineering & Knowledge Engineering, Banff, Alberta, Canada, pp. 92–97 (2004)
Dennis, G.: TSAFE: Building a Trusted Computing Base for Air Traffic Control Software. MIT, Cambridge (2003)
Diligenti, M., Coetzee, F., Lawrence, S., Giles, C.L., Gori, M.: Focused Crawling Using Context Graphs. In: 26th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 527–534 (2000)
Erzberger, H.: Transforming the NAS: The Next Generation Air Traffic Control System. In: 24th International Congress of the Aeronautical Sciences (2004)
Fankhauser, P., Kracker, M., Neuhold, E.J.: Semantic vs. Structural Resemblance of Classes. SIGMOD Record 20(4), 59–63 (1991)
Farquhar, A., Dappert, A., Fikes, R., Pratt, W.: Integrating Information Sources using Context Logic. In: AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering from Distributed Heterogeneous Environments (1995)
Fayyad, U., Piatetsky-Shapiro, G., Smyth, P.: From Data Mining to Knowledge Discovery: An overview. In: Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. AAAI/MIT Press (1996)
Feldmann, R.L., Rech, J., Wenzler, A.J.: Experience Retrieval in LSOs: Do you find what you are looking for? In: 8th International Workshop on Learning Software Organizations (LSO 2006), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2006)
Fellbaum, C.: WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database, p. 423. MIT Press, Cambridge (1998)
Finkelstein, L., Gabrilovich, E., Matias, Y., Rivlin, E., Solan, Z., Wolfman, G., Ruppin, E.: Placing Search in Context: the Concept Revisited. In: WWW, pp. 406–414 (2001)
Georgakopoulos, D., Karabatis, G., Gantimahapatruni, S.: Specification and Management of Interdependent Data in Operational Systems and Data Warehouses. Distributed and Parallel Databases 5(2), 121–166 (1997)
Glass, R.: Agile Versus Traditional: Make Love, Not War. Cutter IT Journal, 12–18 (2001)
Goh, C.H., Bressan, S., Madnick, S., Siegel, M.: Context Interchange: New Features and Formalisms for the Intelligent Integration of Information. ACM Transactions on Information Systems 17(3), 270–293 (1999)
Gong, L., Riecken, D.: Constraining Model-Based Reasoning Using Contexts. In: IEEE International Conference on Web Intelligence, WI 2003 (2003)
Guha, R., McCool, R., Fikes, R.: Contexts for the Semantic Web. In: McIlraith, S.A., Plexousakis, D., van Harmelen, F. (eds.) ISWC 2004. LNCS, vol. 3298, pp. 32–46. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Haney, F.M.: Module Connection Analysis - A Tool for Scheduling Software Debugging Activites. In: AFIPS Joint Computer Conference, pp. 173–179 (1972)
Haranczyk, M., Holliday, J.: Comparison of Similarity Coefficients for Clustering and Compound Selection. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 48(3), 498–508 (2008)
Joachims, T.: Optimizing search engines using clickthrough data. In: ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, pp. 133–142 (2002)
Johnson, J.H.: Micro Projects Cause Constant Change. In: 2nd International Conference on eXtreme Programming and Flexible Processes in Software Engineering, pp. 132–135 (2001)
Karabatis, G.: Using Context in Semantic Data Integration. Journal of Interoperability in Business Information Systems 1(3), 9–21 (2006)
Karabatis, G., Rusinkiewicz, M., Sheth, A.: Interdependent Database Systems. In: Management of Heterogeneous and Autonomous Database Systems, pp. 217–252. Morgan-Kaufmann, San Francisco (1999)
Kashyap, V., Sheth, A.: Semantic and schematic similarities between database objects: a context-based approach. The VLDB Journal 5(4), 276–304 (1996)
Kaufman, L., Rousseeuw, P.J.: Finding Groups In Data: An Introduction To Cluster Analysis. Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken (2005)
Kraft, R., Maghoul, F., Chang, C.C.: Y!Q: Contextual Search at the Point of Inspiration. In: ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, Bremen, Germany, pp. 816–823 (2005)
Lieberman, H., Selker, T.: Out of context: Computer Systems that adapt to, and learn from, context. IBM Systems Journal 39(3&4), 617–632 (2000)
Lindvall, M., Feldmann, R.L., Karabatis, G., Chen, Z., Janeja, V.P.: Searching for Relevant Software Change Artifacts using Semantic Networks. In: 24th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing SAC 2009, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A., pp. 496–500 (2009)
Lindvall, M., Rus, I., Shull, F., Zelkowitz, M.V., Donzelli, P., Memon, A., Basili, V.R., Costa, P., Tvedt, R.T., Hochstein, L., Asgari, S., Ackermann, C., Pech, D.: An Evolutionary Testbed for Software Technology Evaluation. Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering - a NASA Journal 1(1), 3–11 (2005)
Lindvall, M., Sandahl, K.: How Well do Experienced Software Developers Predict Software Change? Journal of Systems and Software 43(1), 19–27 (1998)
Liu, H., Singh, P.: ConceptNet: A Practical Commonsense Reasoning Toolkit. BT Technology Journal 22(4), 211–226 (2004)
Lormans, M., Deursen, A.v.: Can LSI help Reconstructing Requirements Traceability in Design and Test? In: Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering, CSMR 2006 (2006)
Lucca, G.D., Penta, M.D., Gradara, S.: An approach to classify software maintenance requests. In: International Conference on Software Maintenance, Los Alamitos, CA (2002)
Lydie, Y.T.M.: Context-Based Information Retrieval -User Problems and Benefits of Potential Solutions, Technical Report. FC-MD (2006)
Marcus, A., Maletic, J.I.: Recovering Documentation-to-Source-Code Traceability Links using Latent Semantic Indexing. In: 25th International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2003 (2003)
Masterman, M.: Semantic message detection for machine translation, using an interlingua. NPL, 438–475 (1961)
McCarthy, J.: Notes on formalizing context. In: International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), Chambéry, France, pp. 555–560 (1993)
McGuinness, D.L., Harmelen, F.v.: OWL Web Ontology Language Overview W3C (2004), http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/
Mockus, A., Herbsleb, J.D.: Expertise browser: a quantitative approach to identifying expertise. In: International Conference on Software Engineering, New York, NY, pp. 503–512 (2002)
Mylopoulos, J., Cohen, P., Borgida, A., Sugar, L.: Semantic Networks and the Generation of Context. In: International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Tiblisi, Georgia, pp. 134–142 (1975)
Ostertag, E., Hendler, J., Prieto-Diaz, R., Braun, C.: Computing similarity in a reuse library system: An AI-based approach. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 1(3), 205–228 (1992)
Ostertag, E.J.: A Classification System for Software Reuse, Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Maryland (1992)
Pearl, J.: Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1988)
Pearl, J.: Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2000)
Pomerol, J.-C., Brezillon, P.: Dynamics between Contextual Knowledge and Proceduralized Context. In: Bouquet, P., Serafini, L., Brézillon, P., Benercetti, M., Castellani, F. (eds.) CONTEXT 1999. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1688, pp. 284–295. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)
Prieto-Diaz, R.: Implementing faceted classification for software reuse. Communications of the ACM 34(5), 89–97 (1991)
Prieto-Diaz, R.: Status report: Software reusability. IEEE Software 10(3), 61–66 (1993)
Prieto-Diaz, R., Freeman, P.: Classifying software for reusability. IEEE Software 4(1), 6–16 (1987)
Rice, J.A.: Mathematical Statistics and Data Analysis. Duxbury Press (1994)
Rusinkiewicz, M., Sheth, A., Karabatis, G.: Specifying Interdatabase Dependencies in a Multidatabase Environment. IEEE Computer 24(12), 46–53 (1991)
Shen, X., Tan, B., Zhai, C.: Context-Sensitive Information Retrieval using Implicit Feedback. In: 28th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval, Salvador, Brazil, pp. 43–50 (2005)
Sheth, A., Aleman-Meza, B., Arpinar, I.B., Bertram, C., Warke, Y., Ramakrishanan, C., Halaschek, C., Anyanwu, K., Avant, D., Arpinar, F.S., Kochut, K.: Semantic Association Identification and Knowledge Discovery for National Security Applications. Journal of Database Management 16(1) (2004)
Sheth, A., Karabatis, G.: Multidatabase Interdependencies in Industry. In: ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, Washington, DC (1993)
Sowa, J.F.: Semantic Networks, http://www.jfsowa.com/pubs/semnet.htm
Sowa, J.F.: Semantic Networks. In: Shapiro, S.C. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1493–1511. Wiley, New York (1992)
Sowa, J.F.: Laws, Facts, and Contexts: Foundations for Multimodal Reasoning. In: Hendricks, V.F., Jorgensen, K.F., Pedersen, S.A. (eds.) Knowledge Contributors, pp. 145–184. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (2003)
Sugiyama, K., Hatano, K., Yoshikawa, M.: Adaptive web search based on user profile constructed without any effort from users. In: WWW (2004)
Tan, P.-N., Steinbach, M., Kumar, V.: Introduction to Data Mining. Addison-Wesley, Reading (2006)
TopicMap: XML Topic Maps (XTM) 1.0, http://www.topicmaps.org/xtm/
W3C: Semantic Web (2001), http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/
Wache, H., Stuckenschmidt, H.: Practical Context Transformation for Information System Interoperability. In: Akman, V., Bouquet, P., Thomason, R.H., Young, R.A. (eds.) CONTEXT 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2116, pp. 367–380. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
Wu, H., Siegel, M., Ablay, S.: Sensor Fusion for Context Understanding. In: 19th IEEE Instrument and Measurement Technology Conference, Anchorage, AK, USA (2002)
Zimmermann, A., Lorenz, A., Oppermann, R.: An operational definition of context. In: Kokinov, B., Richardson, D.C., Roth-Berghofer, T.R., Vieu, L. (eds.) CONTEXT 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4635, pp. 558–571. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Karabatis, G. et al. (2009). Using Semantic Networks and Context in Search for Relevant Software Engineering Artifacts. In: Spaccapietra, S., Delcambre, L. (eds) Journal on Data Semantics XIV. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5880. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10562-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10562-3_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-10561-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-10562-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)