Abstract
Building distributed embedded systems in wireless and mobile environments is more challenging than if fixed network infrastructures can be used. One of the main issues is the increased uncertainty and lack of reliability caused by interferences and fading in the communication, dynamic topologies, and so on.
When predictability is an important requirement, then the uncertainties created by wireless networks become a major concern. The problem may be even more stringent if some safety critical requirements are also involved.
In this paper we discuss the use of hybrid models and architectural hybridization as one of the possible alternatives to deal with the intrinsic uncertainties of wireless and mobile environments in the design of distributed embedded systems. In particular, we consider the case of safety-critical applications in the automotive domain, which must always operate correctly in spite of the existing uncertainties. We provide the guidelines and a generic architecture for the development of these applications in the considered hybrid systems. We also refer to interface issues and describe a programming model that is “hybridization-aware”. Finally, we illustrate the ideas and the approach presented in the paper using a practical application example.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
- Wireless Sensor Network
- Control Task
- Intelligent Transportation System
- Architectural Hybridization
- Automotive Domain
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
IEEE P802.11p/D3.0, Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Contrl (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications: Amendment: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE), Draft 3.0 (July 2007)
Bouroche, M., Hughes, B., Cahill, V.: Building reliable mobile applications with space-elastic adaptation. In: WOWMOM 2006: Proceedings of the 2006 International Symposium on on World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 627–632. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2006)
Bouroche, M., Hughes, B., Cahill, V.: Real-time coordination of autonomous vehicles. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference 2006, September 2006, pp. 1232–1239 (2006)
Correia, M., Veríssimo, P., Neves, N.F.: The design of a COTS real-time distributed security kernel. In: Bondavalli, A., Thévenod-Fosse, P. (eds.) EDCC 2002. LNCS, vol. 2485, pp. 234–252. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Elbatt, T., Goel, S.K., Holland, G., Krishnan, H., Parikh, J.: Cooperative collision warning using dedicated short range wireless communications. In: VANET 2006: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Vehicular ad hoc networks, pp. 1–9. ACM, New York (2006)
Ergen, M., Lee, D., Sengupta, R., Varaiya, P.: WTRP - Wireless Token Ring Protocol. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 53(6), 1863–1881 (2004)
Halle, S., Laumonier, J., Chaib-Draa, B.: A decentralized approach to collaborative driving coordination. In: Proceedings of the 7th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, October 2004, pp. 453–458 (2004)
He, T., Vicaire, P., Yan, T., Luo, L., Gu, L., Zhou, G., Stoleru, R., Cao, Q., Stankovic, J.A., Abdelzaher, T.: Achieving real-time target tracking using wireless sensor networks. In: RTAS 2006: Proceedings of the 12th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 37–48. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2006)
HIDENETS, http://www.hidenets.aau.dk/
Koubâa, A., Cunha, A., Alves, M., Tovar, E.: Tdbs: a time division beacon scheduling mechanism for zigbee cluster-tree wireless sensor networks. Real-Time Syst. 40(3), 321–354 (2008)
Lu, C., Blum, B.M., Abdelzaher, T.F., Stankovic, J.A., He, T.: Rap: A real-time communication architecture for large-scale wireless sensor networks. In: Eighth IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 55–66. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2002)
Marques, L., Casimiro, A., Calha, M.: Design and development of a proof-of-concept platooning application using the HIDENETS architecture. In: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE/IFIP Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks, pp. 223–228. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2009)
Michaud, F., Lepage, P., Frenette, P., Letourneau, D., Gaubert, N.: Coordinated maneuvering of automated vehicles in platoons. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 7(4), 437–447 (2006)
Misener, J.A., Sengupta, R.: Cooperative collision warning: Enabling crash avoidance with wireless. In: 12th World Congress on ITS, New York, NY, USA (November 2005)
Verissimo, P.: Travelling through wormholes: a new look at distributed systems models. SIGACT News 37(1), 66–81 (2006)
Veríssimo, P., Casimiro, A.: The Timely Computing Base model and architecture. IEEE Transactions on Computers - Special Issue on Asynchronous Real-Time Systems 51(8) (August 2002); A preliminary version of this document appeared as Technical Report DI/FCUL TR 99-2, Department of Computer Science, University of Lisboa (April 1999)
Xu, Q., Mak, T., Ko, J., Sengupta, R.: Vehicle-to-vehicle safety messaging in dsrc. In: VANET 2004: Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Vehicular ad hoc networks, pp. 19–28. ACM Press, New York (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Casimiro, A., Rufino, J., Marques, L., Calha, M., Verissimo, P. (2009). Applying Architectural Hybridization in Networked Embedded Systems. In: Lee, S., Narasimhan, P. (eds) Software Technologies for Embedded and Ubiquitous Systems. SEUS 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5860. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10265-3_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10265-3_24
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-10264-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-10265-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)