Abstract
The automatic treatment of temporal elements of natural language has become a very important issue among NLP community. Recently, TimeML annotation scheme has been adopted as standard for temporal information representation by a large number of researchers. There are few TimeML resources for languages other than English whereas there exist semantic roles annotated corpora and automatic labeling tools for several languages. The objective of this paper is to study if semantic roles resources can be exploited to generate TimeML corpora. An analysis of the similarities and differences between the temporal semantic role and TimeML elements has been carried out, focusing on temporal expressions (TIMEX3). Using this analysis, an approach consisting of a set of transformation rules between semantic roles and TIMEX3 has been implemented. It has been evaluated in TIMEX3 identification for English and Spanish obtaining same quality results (76.85% F β= 1 AVG), which suggests that it could be also valid for other languages.
This paper has been supported by the Spanish Government, project TIN-2006-15265-C06-01 where Hector Llorens is funded under a FPI grant (BES-2007-16256).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Mani, I., James Pustejovsky, R.G. (eds.): The Language of Time: A Reader. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2005)
Schilder, F., Katz, G., Pustejovsky, J.: Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events. In: Schilder, F., Katz, G., Pustejovsky, J. (eds.) Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4795, pp. 1–6. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Pustejovsky, J.: TERQAS: Time and Event Recognition for Question Answering Systems. In: ARDA Workshop (2002)
TERN-2004: Time Expression Recognition and Normalization Evaluation Workshop (2004), http://fofoca.mitre.org/tern.html
Verhagen, M., Gaizauskas, R.J., Hepple, M., Schilder, F., Katz, G., Pustejovsky, J.: Semeval-2007 task 15: Tempeval temporal relation identification. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluations, pp. 75–80. ACL (2007)
Pustejovsky, J., Castaño, J.M., Ingria, R., Saurí, R., Gaizauskas, R.J., Setzer, A., Katz, G.: TimeML: Robust Specification of Event and Temporal Expressions in Text. In: IWCS-5, 5th Int. Workshop on Computational Semantics (2003)
Gildea, D., Jurafsky, D.: Automatic labeling of semantic roles. Computational Linguistics 28(3), 245–288 (2002)
Wilson, G., Mani, I., Sundheim, B., Ferro, L.: A multilingual approach to annotating and extracting temporal information. In: Proceedings of the workshop on Temporal and Spatial information processing, pp. 1–7. ACL, NJ (2001)
Moia, T.: Telling apart temporal locating adverbials and time-denoting expressions. In: Proceedings of the workshop on Temporal and Spatial information processing, pp. 1–8. ACL, NJ (2001)
Setzer, A., Gaizauskas, R.: Annotating Events and Temporal Information in Newswire Texts. In: LREC 2000, Athens, pp. 1287–1294 (2000)
Ferro, L., Gerber, L., Mani, I., Sundheim, B., Wilson, G.: TIDES 2005 Standard for the Annotation of Temporal Expressions. Technical report, MITRE (2005)
Pustejovsky, J., Hanks, P., Saurí, R., See, A., Gaizauskas, R.J., Setzer, A., Radev, D.R., Sundheim, B., Day, D., Ferro, L., Lazo, M.: The TIMEBANK Corpus. In: Corpus Linguistics, pp. 647–656 (2003)
Saurí, R., Littman, J., Knippen, R., Gaizauskas, R.J., Setzer, A., Pustejovsky, J.: TimeML Annotation Guidelines 1.2.1 (2006), http://www.timeml.org/
Boguraev, B., Pustejovsky, J., Ando, R.K., Verhagen, M.: TimeBank evolution as a community resource for TimeML parsing. Language Resources and Evaluation 41(1), 91–115 (2007)
Boguraev, B., Ando, R.K.: Effective Use of TimeBank for TimeML Analysis. In: Schilder, F., Katz, G., Pustejovsky, J. (eds.) Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4795, pp. 41–58. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Verhagen, M., Mani, I., Saurí, R., Knippen, R., Jang, S.B., Littman, J., Rumshisky, A., Phillips, J., Pustejovsky, J.: Automating temporal annotation with TARSQI. In: ACL, pp. 81–84. ACL, NJ (2005)
Moreda, P., Llorens, H., Saquete, E., Palomar, M.S.: Two Proposals of a QA Answer Extraction Module Based on Semantic Roles. In: Gelbukh, A., Morales, E.F. (eds.) AAI - MICAI 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5317, pp. 174–184. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Melli, G., Shi, Y.Z., Wang, Y.L., Popowich, F.: Description of SQUASH, the SFU Question Answering Summary Handler for the DUC 2006 Summarization Task. In: Document Understanding Conference, DUC (2006)
Hagège, C., Tannier, X.: XRCE-T: XIP temporal module for TempEval campaign. In: TempEval (SemEval), Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 492–495. ACL (2007)
Koomen, P., Punyakanok, V., Roth, D., Yih, W.-t.: Generalized inference with multiple semantic role labeling systems (shared task paper). In: CoNLL 2004, pp. 181–184 (2005)
Taulé, M., Martí, M.A., Recasens, M.: AnCora: Multilevel Annotated Corpora for Catalan and Spanish. In: ELRA (ed.) LREC, Marrakech, Morocco (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Llorens, H., Navarro, B., Saquete, E. (2009). From Semantic Roles to Temporal Information Representation . In: Aguirre, A.H., Borja, R.M., Garciá, C.A.R. (eds) MICAI 2009: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. MICAI 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 5845. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05258-3_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05258-3_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-05257-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-05258-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)