Abstract
Experience shows that testing students’ understanding of new concepts immediately after they have been introduced considerably improves the learning process. In this work understanding of a concept is assumed to take place if a student can provide reasonably correct answers to questions requiring application this concept. A possible solution to the problem of how to determine whether students actually understand a concept is to give them tests. Such tests, being a part of an intelligent system, provide inconsistent information to intelligent agents, facilitating the tests evaluation process. This happens because the degree of a student’s understanding varies a lot depending on factors like time and the way questions are formulated. Since classical logic fails to draw conclusions in the presence of inconsistencies we propose application of paraconsistent logic.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Belnap, N.J.: How a computer should think. In: Contemporary Aspects of Philosophy. Proceedings of the Oxford International Symposia, Oxford, GB, vol. GB, pp. 30–56 (1975)
da Costa, N.: On the Theory of Inconsistent Formal Systems. Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 15(4), 497–510 (1974)
Davey, B.A., Priestley, H.A.: Introduction to lattices and order. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2005)
Decker, H.: Historical and Computational Aspects of Paraconsistency in View of the Logic Foundation of Databases. In: Bertossi, L., Katona, G.O.H., Schewe, K.-D., Thalheim, B. (eds.) Semantics in Databases. LNCS, vol. 2582, pp. 63–81. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Garcia, O.N., Moussavi, M.: A Six-Valued Logic for Representing Incomplete Knowledge. In: Proceedings of ISMVL, pp. 110–114 (1990)
García-Duque, J., López-Nores, M., Pazos-Arias, J., Fernández-Vilas, A., Díaz-Redondo, R., Gil-Solla, A., Blanco-Fernández, Y., Ramos-Cabrer, M.: A Six-valued Logic to Reason about Uncertainty and Inconsistency in Requirements Specifications. Journal of Logic and Computation 16(2), 227–255 (2006)
Jaskowski, S.: Propositional Calculus for Contradictory Deductive Systems. Studia Logica 24, 143–157 (1969)
Kneale, W., Kneale, M.: The Development of Logic. Clarendon Press (1962)
Kolmogorov, A.N.: O principie tertium non datur. Matematiceskij Sbornik (Recueil Mathematique) 32 (1924/25)
Lukasiewicz, J.: On Three-Valued Logic. Ruch Filozoficzny, 5, (1920), English translation. In: Borkowski, L. (ed.) 1970. Jan Lukasiewicz: Selected Works, North Holland, Amsterdam (1920)
Priest, G.: An Introduction to Non-Classical Logic, Cambridge (2001)
Prior, A.N.: A Statement of Temporal Realism. In: Copeland, B.J. (ed.) Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of Arthur Prior, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1996)
Sim, K.M.: Bilattices and Reasoning in Artificial Intelligence: Concepts and Foundations. Artificial Intelligence Review 15(3), 219–240 (2001)
Villadsen, J., Andreasen, T.: Paraconsistent Query Answering Systems. In: Andreasen, T., Motro, A., Christiansen, H., Larsen, H.L. (eds.) FQAS 2002. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2522, pp. 370–384. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Encheva, S., Tumin, S., Solesvik, M.Z. (2007). Application of Paraconsistent Logic in an Intelligent Tutoring System. In: Luo, Y. (eds) Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering. CDVE 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4674. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74780-2_51
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74780-2_51
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-74779-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-74780-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)