Abstract
There exists ample literature on Petri nets and its potential in the modelling, analysis, synthesis and implementation of systems in the manufacturing applications domain (see for example [54, 15, 18]; besides, in [66] an important bibliography is presented). This paper provides an examples-driven perspective. Nevertheless, not only complete examples from the application domain are considered. Manufacturing systems are frequently large systems, and conceptual complexity often appears because of some particular “local” constructions.
The examples considered in this selected tour try to introduce in a progressive way some applied concepts and techniques. The starting point is an assembly cell, for which models concerning several phases of the design life-cycle are presented. Afterwards, some pull control and kanban management strategies are modelled. Then, two coloured models of production lines are presented. After that, a manufacturing system with two cells is modelled, and the difficulty of the practical analysis is shown. For very populated manufacturing systems or systems with high cadence, relaxation of discrete event models leads to hybrid and continuous approximations, an example of which will be shortly introduced.
Partially supported by projects FEDER and CICYT TIC2001-1819, and DPI2003-06376.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ajmone Marsan, M., Balbo, G., Conte, G., Donatelli, S., Franceschinis, G.: Modelling with Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets. Wiley, Chichester (1995)
Alla, H., Cavaille, J.B., Le Bail, M., Bel, G.: Les systémes de production par lot: une approche discret-continu utilisant les réseaux de Petri Hybrides. In: Proc. of ADPM 1992, Paris, France (January 1992)
Alla, H., David, R.: Continuous and hybrid Petri nets. Journal of Circuits, Systems, and Computers 8(1), 159–188 (1998)
Avizenis, A., Kelly, J.P.: Fault tolerance by design diversity: Concepts and experiments. Computer 17(8), 67–80 (1984)
Ayache, J.M., Azema, P., Diaz, M.: Observer, a concept for on line detection for control errors in concurrent systems. In: Proc. 9th IEEE Int. Sypm. Fault-Tolerant Computing, Madison, WI, USA, June 1992, pp. 79–86 (1992)
Balduzzi, F., Giua, A., Menga, G.: First-order hybrid Petri nets: A model for optimization and control. IEEE Trans. on Robotics and Automation 16(4), 382–399 (2000)
Bemporad, A., Giua, A., Seatzu, C.: An iterative algorithm for the optimal control of continuous-time switched linear systems. In: Silva, M., Giua, A., Colom, J.M. (eds.) WODES 2002: 6th Workshop on Discrete Event Systems, Zaragoza, Spain, pp. 335–340. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2002)
Campos, J., Chiola, G., Colom, J.M., Silva, M.: Properties and performance bounds for timed marked graphs. IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems-I: Fundamental Theory and Applications 39(5), 386–401 (1992)
Campos, J., Chiola, G., Silva, M.: Ergodicity and throughput bounds of Petri net with unique consistent firing count vector. IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering 17(2), 117–125 (1991)
Champagnat, R., Valette, R., Hochon, J.C., Pingaud, H.: Modeling, simulation and analysis of batch production systems. Discrete Event Dynamic Systems: Theory and Application 11(1/2), 119–136 (2001)
Chaouiya, C., Dallery, Y.: Petri net models of pull control systems for assembly manufacturing systems. In: Procs. of the 2nd Int. Workshop on Manufacturing and Petri Nets, ICATPN, Toulouse, France, pp. 85–103 (1997)
Chretienne, P., Coffman, E.G., Lengstra, J.K., Liu, Z. (eds.): Wiley, Chichester (1995)
Colom, J.M., Silva, M., Villarroel, J.L.: On software implementation of Petri nets and colored Petri nets using high-level concurrent languages. In: Proc. 7th European Workshop on Application and Theory of Petri Nets, Oxford, England, July 1986, pp. 207–241 (1986)
David, R., Alla, H.: Continuous Petri nets. In: Proc. of the 8th European Workshop on Application and Theory of Petri Nets, Zaragoza, Spain, pp. 275–294 (1987)
David, R., Alla, H.: Petri Nets and Grafcet. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1992)
David, R., Xie, X., Dallery, Y.: Properties of continuous models of transfer lines with unreliable machines and finite buffers. IMA Journal of Mathematics Applied in Business and Industry 6, 281–308 (1990)
Desrochers, A., Al-Jaar, R.Y.: Applications of Petri Nets in Manufacturing Systems. IEEE Press, Los Alamitos (1994)
Desrochers, A.A., Al-Jaar, R.Y.: Applications Of Petri Nets In Manufacturing Systems, Modeling, Control, And Performance Analysis. IEEE Press, Los Alamitos (1995)
Diaz, M., Juanole, G., Courtiat, J.P.: Observer — a concept for formal on-line validation of distributes systems. IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering 20(12), 900–913 (1994)
Dijkstra, E.W.: Cooperating sequential processes. In: Genuys, F. (ed.) Programming Languages. Academic Press, London (1968)
Elwadi, E.I., Mitra, D.: Statistical multiplexing with loss priorities in rate-based congestion control of high-speed networks. IEEE Transactions on Communications 42(11), 2989–3002 (1994)
Ezpeleta, J., Colom, J.M.: Automatic synthesis of colored Petri nets for the control of FMS. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation 13(3), 327–337 (1997)
Ezpeleta, J., Colom, J.M., Martínez, J.: A Petri net based deadlock prevention policy for flexible manufacturing systems. IEEE Trans. on Robotics and Automation 11(2), 173–184 (1995)
Ezpeleta, J., Martínez, J.: Formal specification and validation in production plants. In: Proceedings of the 3th. International Conference on Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, May 1992, pp. 64–73 (1992) IMACS
Ezpeleta, J., Recalde, L.: A deadlock avoidance approach for non-sequential resource allocation systems. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (2004) (accepted)
Ezpeleta, J., Tricas, F., García- Vallés, F., Colom, J.M.: A Banker’s solution for deadlock avoidance in FMS with routing flexibility and multi–resource states. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation 18(4), 621–625 (2002)
Ezpeleta, J., Valk, R.: A polynomial solution for deadlock avoidance in assembly systems modelled with petri nets. In: Proceedings of the Multiconference on Computational Engineering in Systems Applications (CESA 2003), Lille, France, July 9-11, pp. 1–8 (2003)
Fanti, M.P., Maione, B., Turchiano, B.: Design of supervisors to avoid deadlock in flexible assembly systems. The International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems 14, 157–175 (2002)
Farwer, B., Moldt, D., Garcí-Vallés, F.: An approach to modelling fms with dynamic object petri nets. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Hammamet, Tunisia (October 2002)
Gentina, J.C., Bourey, J.P., Kapusta, M.: Coloured adaptive structured Petri nets. Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 1(1), 39–47 (1988)
Gentina, J.C., Bourey, J.P., Kapusta, M.: Coloured adaptive structured Petri nets (II). Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 1(2), 103–109 (1988)
Gershwin, S.B.: Manufacturing Systems Engineering. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1994)
Habermann, N.: Prevention of systems deadlocks. Communications of the ACM 12(7), 373–385 (1969)
Hanen, C., Munier, A.: Cyclic scheduling problems: An overview. In: Chretienne et al. [12]
Huang, Y., Jeng, M., Xie, X.: A deadlock prevention policy for flexible manufacturing systems using siphons. In: Proc. of the 2001 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Seoul, Korea, May 2001, pp. 541–546 (2001)
Kummer, O., Wienberg, F.: Renew. the reference net workshop. Petri Net Newsletter (56), 12–16 (1999)
Leveson, N.G., Stolzy, J.L.: Safety analysis using Petri nets. IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering 13(3), 386–397 (1987)
López-Mellado, E., Morales-Montelongo, J.G.: Agent-based distributed controllers for discrete manufacturing systems. In: Proceedings of the Multiconference on Computational Engineering in Systems Applications (CESA 2003), Lille, France, July 9-11, pp. 1–7 (2003)
Martínez, J., Muro, P., Silva, M.: Modeling, validation and software implementation of production systems using high level Petri nets. In: Silva, M., Murata, T. (eds.) Invited Sessions: Petri Nets and Flexible Manufacturing, IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, Raleigh, NC, USA, April 1987, pp. 1180–1185 (1987)
Martínez, J., Muro, P., Silva, M., Smith, S.F., Villarroel, J.L.: Merging artificial intelligence techniques and Petri nets for real time scheduling and control of production systems. In: Huber, R., et al. (eds.) Artificial Intelligence in Scientific Computation, pp. 307–313. Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore (1989)
Moldt, D., Ezpeleta, J.: A proposal for flexible testing of deadlock control strategies in resource allocation systems. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling Control and Automation (CIMCA 2003), Vienna, Austria, February 2003, pp. 586–595 (2003)
Murata, T.: Petri nets: Properties, analysis and applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 77(4), 541–580 (1989)
Park, J., Reveliotis, S.: Deadlock avoidance in sequential resource allocation systems with multiple resource acquisitions and flexible routings. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 46(10), 1572–1583 (2001)
Proth, J.M., Xie, X.: Petri Nets, A Tool for Design and Management of Manufacturing Systems. Wiley, Chichester (1996)
Recalde, L., Silva, M.: Petri Nets fluidification revisited: Semantics and steady state. APII-JESA 35(4), 435–449 (2001)
Renshaw, E.: A survey of stepping-stone models in population dynamics. Adv. Appl. Prob. 18, 581–627 (1986)
Roszkowska, E., Wojcik, R.: Problems of process flow feasibility in FAS. In: Leiviska, K. (ed.) IFAC CIM in Process and manufacturing Industries, Espoo, Finland, pp. 115–120. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1992)
Silva, M.: Las Redes de Petri: en la Automática y la Informática. AC (1985)
Silva, M.: Interleaving functional and performance structural analysis of net models. In: Ajmone Marsan, M. (ed.) ICATPN 1993. LNCS, vol. 691, pp. 17–23. Springer, Heidelberg (1993)
Silva, M.: Introducing Petri nets. In: Practice of Petri Nets in Manufacturing, pp. 1–62. Chapman & Hall, Boca Raton (1993)
Silva, M., Recalde, L.: Petri nets and integrality relaxations: A view of continuous Petri nets. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 32(4), 314–327 (2002)
Silva, M., Recalde, L.: On fluidification of Petri net models: from discrete to hybrid and continuous models. In: IFAC Conference on Analysis and Design of Hybrid Systems, ADHS 2003, Saint-Malo, France, June 2003, pp. 9–20 (2003)
Silva, M., Teruel, E.: A systems theory perspective of discrete event dynamic systems: The Petri net paradigm. In: Borne, P., Gentina, J.C., Craye, E., El Khattabi, S. (eds.) Symposium on Discrete Events and Manufacturing Systems, CESA 1996 IMACS Multiconference, Lille, France, July 1996, pp. 1–12 (1996)
Silva, M., Teruel, E.: Petri nets for the design and operation of manufacturing systems. European Journal of Control 3(3), 182–199 (1997)
Silva, M., Teruel, E., Colom, J.M.: Linear algebraic and linear programming techniques for the analysis of net systems. In: Reisig, W., Rozenberg, G. (eds.) APN 1998. LNCS, vol. 1491, pp. 309–373. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)
Silva, M., Teruel, E., Valette, R., Pingaud, H.: Petri nets and production systems. In: Reisig, W., Rozenberg, G. (eds.) APN 1998. LNCS, vol. 1492, pp. 85–124. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)
Teruel, E., Colom, J.M., Silva, M.: Choice-free Petri nets: A model for deterministic concurrent systems with bulk services and arrivals. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 27(1), 73–83 (1997)
Tricas, F., García-Vallés, F., Colom, J.M., Ezpeleta, J.: An iterative method for deadlock prevention in FMS. In: Boel, R., Stremersch, G. (eds.) Discrete Event Systems: Analysis and Control. Proc. of the Workshop On Discrete Event Systems 2000, Ghent, Belgium, August 2000, pp. 139–148. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (2000)
Valentin-Roubinet, C.: Modeling of hybrid systems: DAE supervised by Petri nets the example of a gas storage. In: Proc. of ADPM 1998, Reims, France, March 1998, pp. 142–149 (1998)
Valette, R., Courvoisier, M.: Petri nets and artificial intelligence. In: Zurawski, R., Dillon, T. (eds.) Modern Tools for Manufacturing Systems, pp. 385–405. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1993)
Valette, R., Courvoisier, M., Bigou, J.M., Albukerque, J.: A Petri nets based programmable logic controller. In: IFIP 1st Int. Conf. on Computer Applications in Production and Engineering, Amsterdam, Holland (April 1983)
Valk, R.: Petri nets as token objects - an introduction to elementary object nets. In: Desel, J., Silva, M. (eds.) ICATPN 1998. LNCS, vol. 1420, pp. 1–25. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)
Velilla, S., Silva, M.: The spy: A mechanism for safe implementation of highly concurrent systems. In: Real Time Programming 1988, 15th IFAC/IFIP Workshop, Valencia, Spain, May 1988, pp. 95–102. Pergamon, Oxford (1988)
Villarroel, J.L., Martínez, J., Silva, M.: GRAMAN: A graphic system for manufacturing system design. In: Tzafestas, S., Eisinberg, A., Carotenuto, L. (eds.) IMACS Symp. on System Modelling and Simulation, pp. 311–316. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1988)
Viswanadham, N., Narahari, Y.: Performance Modeling of Automated Manufacturing Systems. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1992)
Zhou, M., Venkatesh, K.: Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems: A Petri Net Approach. Series in Intelligent Control and Intelligent Automation, vol. 6. World Scientific, Singapore (1999)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Recalde, L., Silva, M., Ezpeleta, J., Teruel, E. (2004). Petri Nets and Manufacturing Systems: An Examples-Driven Tour. In: Desel, J., Reisig, W., Rozenberg, G. (eds) Lectures on Concurrency and Petri Nets. ACPN 2003. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3098. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27755-2_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27755-2_21
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-22261-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-27755-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive