Abstract
One of the interesting types of information in information systems is contingent information. Information systems should be able to deal with such information. It is interesting to formalize contingent information, and the task is closely related to the so-called future contingents. We try to model contingent information by means of Łukasiewicz’s four-valued logic. Although modalities in his logic are non-standard, the non-modal fragment is useful to express contingent information in information systems.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akama, S., Murai, T., Kudo, Y.: Uncertainty in future: A paraconsistent approach. In: Huynh, V.-N., Nakamori, Y., Lawry, J., Inuiguchi, M. (eds.) Integrated Management and Applications. AISC, vol. 68, pp. 335–342. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Akama, S., Murai, T., Kudo, Y.: Partial and paraconsistent approaches to future contingents. To appear in Proc. of Arthur Prior Centenary Conference
Akama, S., Murai, T., Miyamoto, S.: A three-valued modal tense logic for the Master Argument. Logique et Analyse 213, 19–30 (2011)
Akama, S., Nagata, Y., Yamada, C.: A three-valued temporal logic for future contingents. Logique et Analyse 198, 99–111 (2007)
Akama, S., Nagata, Y., Yamada, C.: Three-valued temporal logic Q t and future contingents. Studia Logica 88, 215–231 (2008)
Aristotle: De Interpretatione. In: Edghill, E.M., Ross, W.D. (eds.) The Works of Aristotle. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1963)
Kleene, S.: Introduction to Metamathematics. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1952)
Łukasiewicz, J.: On 3-valued logic. In: McCall, S. (ed.) Polish Logic, pp. 16–18. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1920, 1967)
Łukasiewicz, J.: A system of modal logic. In: Borkowski, L., Łukasiewicz, J. (eds.) Selected Work, pp. 352–390. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1970)
Prior, A.N.: Three-valued logic and future contingents. Philosophical Quarterly 3, 317–326 (1953)
Thomason, R.H.: Indeterminist time and truth-value gaps. Theoria 36, 264–811 (1970)
Urquhart, A.: Basic many-valued logic. In: Gabbay, D., Gunthner, F. (eds.) Handbook of Philosophical Logic, 2nd edn., vol. 2, pp. 249–295. Springer, Berlin (2001)
van Fraassen, B.: Singular terms, truth-value gaps, and free logic. Journal of Philosophy 63, 481–495 (1966)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Akama, S., Abe, J.M., Nakamatsu, K. (2015). Contingent Information: A Four-Valued Approach. In: Nguyen, VH., Le, AC., Huynh, VN. (eds) Knowledge and Systems Engineering. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 326. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11680-8_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11680-8_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-11679-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-11680-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)