Abstract
This paper discusses DNA watermarking for authentication, privacy protection, and the prevention of illegal copying and mutation of DNA sequences. We propose a DNA watermarking scheme that provides mutation robustness and amino acid preservation. The proposed scheme selects a number of codons as the embedding target at the regular singularity in coding regions. The scheme then embeds the watermark in the watermarked codons such that the original codons are still transcribed as the same amino acids. From in silico experiments using HEXA and ANG sequences, we verified that the proposed scheme is more robust to silent and missense mutations than the conventional scheme, while it also preserves the amino acids of the watermarked codons.
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Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MEST)(KRF-2011- 0023118 and KRF-2011-0010902) and Tongmyong University Research Grants 2012 (2012-A001).
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© 2014 Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
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Lee, SH., Lee, EJ., Hwang, WJ., Kwon, KR. (2014). A Watermarking Scheme for Coding DNA Sequences Using Codon Circular Code. In: Di Caro, G., Theraulaz, G. (eds) Bio-Inspired Models of Network, Information, and Computing Systems. BIONETICS 2012. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 134. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06944-9_15
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06944-9_15
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