Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

A Tertiary Study on AI for Requirements Engineering

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality (REFSQ 2024)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 14588))

  • 852 Accesses

Abstract

Context and Motivation: Rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have significantly influenced requirements engineering (RE) practices. Problem: While many recent secondary studies have explored AI’s role in RE, a thorough understanding of the use of AI for RE (AI4RE) and its inherent challenges remains in its early stages.Principal Ideas: To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a tertiary review on understanding how AI assists RE practices. Contribution: We analyzed 28 secondary studies from 2017 to September 2023 about using AI in RE tasks such as elicitation, classification, analysis, specification, management, and tracing. Our study reveals a trend of combining natural language process techniques with machine learning models like Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Naive Bayes, and a surge in using large language models (LLMs) for RE. The study also identified challenges of AI4RE related to ambiguity, language, data, algorithm, and evaluation. The study gives topics for future research, particularly for researchers who want to start new research in this field.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    http://tinyurl.com/3y86t8ne.

  2. 2.

    https://tinyurl.com/mr3yssfk.

  3. 3.

    https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.24564829.v2.

  4. 4.

    https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.24564829.v2.

References

  1. Bano, M., Zowghi, D., Ikram, N.: Systematic reviews in requirements engineering: a tertiary study. In: 2014 IEEE 4th International Workshop on Empirical Requirements Engineering (EmpiRE), pp. 9–16. IEEE (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Börstler, J., bin Ali, N., Petersen, K.: Double-counting in software engineering tertiary studies-an overlooked threat to validity. Inf. Softw. Technol. 158, 107174 (2023)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cico, O., Cico, B., Cico, A.: Ai-assisted software engineering: a tertiary study. In: 2023 12th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2023)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Cleland-Huang, J., Settimi, R., Zou, X., Solc, P.: Automated classification of non-functional requirements. Requirements Eng. 12, 103–120 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Fernández, D.M., et al.: Naming the pain in requirements engineering: contemporary problems, causes, and effects in practice. Empir. Softw. Eng. 22, 2298–2338 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ferrari, A., Spagnolo, G.O., Gnesi, S.: Pure: a dataset of public requirements documents. In: 2017 IEEE 25th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE), pp. 502–505. IEEE (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kitchenham, B.: Procedures for performing systematic reviews. Keele, UK, Keele University 33(2004), 1–26 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Kitchenham, B., Madeyski, L., Budgen, D.: Segress: Software engineering guidelines for reporting secondary studies. IEEE Trans. Software Eng. 49(3), 1273–1298 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Kitchenham, B., et al.: Systematic literature reviews in software engineering-a tertiary study. Inf. Softw. Technol. 52(8), 792–805 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Knauss, E., Houmb, S., Schneider, K., Islam, S., Jürjens, J.: Supporting requirements engineers in recognising security issues. In: Berry, D., Franch, X. (eds.) REFSQ 2011. LNCS, vol. 6606, pp. 4–18. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19858-8_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Kotti, Z., Galanopoulou, R., Spinellis, D.: Machine learning for software engineering: a tertiary study. ACM Comput. Surv. 55(12), 1–39 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kudo, T.N., Bulcão-Neto, R.F., Vincenzi, A.M.: Requirement patterns: a tertiary study and a research agenda. IET Software 14(1), 18–26 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Pieper, D., Antoine, S.L., Mathes, T., Neugebauer, E.A., Eikermann, M.: Systematic review finds overlapping reviews were not mentioned in every other overview. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 67(4), 368–375 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Wiegers, K.E., Beatty, J.: Software Requirements. Pearson Education, London (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Wohlin, C., Runeson, P., Höst, M., Ohlsson, M.C., Regnell, B., Wesslén, A.: Experimentation in software engineering. Springer, Berlin (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29044-2

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by Business Finland (project 6GSoft, 8548/31/2022)

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tampere University, Tampere, Finland

    Ali Mehraj, Zheying Zhang & Kari Systä

Authors
  1. Ali Mehraj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zheying Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kari Systä
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ali Mehraj .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden

    Daniel Mendez

  2. NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

    Ana Moreira

A List of Primary Studies

A List of Primary Studies

SP1. Lim, Sachiko, Aron Henriksson, and Jelena Zdravkovic. “Data-Driven Requirements Elicitation: A Systematic Literature Review.” SN computer science 2.1 (2021)

SP2. Perez-Verdejo, J. Manuel, Angel J. Sanchez-Garcia, and Jorge Octavio Ocharan-Hernandez. “A Systematic Literature Review on Machine Learning for Automated Requirements Classification.” 2020 8th International Conference in Software Engineering Research and Innovation (CONISOFT). IEEE, 2020. 21–28.

SP3. Ijaz, Khush Bakht, Irum Inayat, and Faiza Allah Bukhsh. “Non-Functional Requirements Prioritization: A Systematic Literature Review.” 2019 45th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA). IEEE, 2019. 379–386.

SP4. Santos, Rubens, Eduard C Groen, and Karina Villela. “A Taxonomy for User Feedback Classifications.” N.p., 2019

SP5. Ahmed, Sharif, Arif Ahmed, and Nasir U. Eisty. “Automatic Transformation of Natural to Unified Modeling Language: A Systematic Review.” 2022 IEEE/ACIS 20th International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications (SERA). Ithaca: IEEE, 2022. 112–119.

SP6. Lopez-Hernandez, Delmer Alejandro et al. “Automatic Classification of Software Requirements Using Artificial Neural Networks: A Systematic Literature Review.” 2021 9th International Conference in Software Engineering Research and Innovation (CONISOFT). Piscataway: IEEE, 2021. 152–160.

SP7. Xu, Chi et al. “A Systematic Mapping Study on Machine Learning Methodologies for Requirements Management.” IET software 17.4 (2023): 405–423.

SP9. Ahmad, Arshad et al. “A Systematic Literature Review on Using Machine Learning Algorithms for Software Requirements Identification on Stack Overflow.” Security and communication networks 2020 (2020): 1–19.

SP10. Zamani, Kareshna, Didar Zowghi, and Chetan Arora. “Machine Learning in Requirements Engineering: A Mapping Study.” 2021 IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference Workshops (REW). Vol. 2021-. Piscataway: IEEE, 2021. 116–125.

SP11. Aberkane, Abdel-Jaouad, Geert Poels, and Seppe Vanden Broucke. “Exploring Automated GDPR-Compliance in Requirements Engineering: A Systematic Mapping Study.” IEEE access 9 (2021): 1–1.

SP12. Zhao, Liping et al. “Natural Language Processing for Requirements Engineering: A Systematic Mapping Study.” ACM computing surveys 54.3 (2022): 1–41.

SP14. Cheligeer, Cheligeer et al. “Machine Learning in Requirements Elicitation: A Literature Review.” Artificial intelligence for engineering design, analysis and manufacturing 36 (2022)

SP15. Raharjana, Indra Kharisma, Daniel Siahaan, and Chastine Fatichah. “User Stories and Natural Language Processing: A Systematic Literature Review.” IEEE access 9 (2021): 53811–53826.

SP16. Lyu, Yijing et al. “A Systematic Literature Review of Issue-Based Requirement Traceability.” IEEE access 11 (2023): 13334–13348.

SP17. Perkusich, Mirko et al. “Intelligent Software Engineering in the Context of Agile Software Development: A Systematic Literature Review.” Information and software technology 119 (2020): 106241-.

SP19. Sofian, Hazrina, Nur Arzilawati Md Yunus, and Rodina Ahmad. “Systematic Mapping: Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Software Engineering.” IEEE access 10 (2022): 51021–51040.

SP20. Nazir, Farhana et al. “The Applications of Natural Language Processing (NLP) for Software Requirement Engineering - A Systematic Literature Review.” Information Science and Applications 2017. Vol. 424. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. 485–493.

SP21. Alsalemi, Ahmed Mubark, and Eng-Thiam Yeoh. “A Systematic Literature Review of Requirements Volatility Prediction.” 2017 International Conference on Current Trends in Computer, Electrical, Electronics and Communication (CTCEEC). IEEE, 2017. 55–64.

SP23. Magableh, Aws A. “Towards Leveraging Explainable Artificial Intelligent (XAI) in Requirements Engineering (RE) to Identify Aspect (Crosscutting Concern): A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and Bibliometric Analysis.” 2023 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT). IEEE, 2023. 319–326.

SP24. Corral, Alexandra, Luis E. Sanchez, and Leandro Antonelli. “Building an Integrated Requirements Engineering Process Based on Intelligent Systems and Semantic Reasoning on the Basis of a Systematic Analysis of Existing Proposals.” JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science 28.11 (2022): 1136–1168.

SP25. Dabrowski, Jacek et al. “Analysing App Reviews for Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review.” Empirical software engineering: an international journal 27.2 (2022)

SP26. Quintana, Manuel A. et al. “Agile Development Methodologies and Natural Language Processing: A Mapping Review.” Computers (Basel) 11.12 (2022): 179-.

SP27. Sonbol, Riad, Ghaida Rebdawi, and Nada Ghneim. “The Use of NLP-Based Text Representation Techniques to Support Requirement Engineering Tasks: A Systematic Mapping Review.” IEEE access 10 (2022): 62811–62830.

SP28. Genc-Nayebi, Necmiye, and Alain Abran. “A Systematic Literature Review: Opinion Mining Studies from Mobile App Store User Reviews.” The Journal of systems and software 125 (2017): 207–219

SP29. Aguilar, Alfonso Robles et al. “A Systematic Mapping Study of Artificial Intelligence in Software Requirements.” Res. Comput. Sci. 149 (2020): 179–188.

SP30. Ahmad Haji Mohammadkhani et al. “A Systematic Literature Review of Explainable AI for Software Engineering.” arXiv.org (2023)

SP31. Wang, Simin et al. “Synergy between Machine/Deep Learning and Software Engineering: How Far Are We?” arXiv.org (2020)

SP32. Hou, Xinyi et al. “Large Language Models for Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review.” arXiv.org (2023)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Mehraj, A., Zhang, Z., Systä, K. (2024). A Tertiary Study on AI for Requirements Engineering. In: Mendez, D., Moreira, A. (eds) Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality. REFSQ 2024. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14588. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57327-9_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57327-9_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-57326-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-57327-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation