Abstract
Due to the differences between Chinese and Western cooking styles and the shape of tableware, western dishwasher racks face challenges in meeting the needs of Chinese kitchen tableware from easy placement to thorough cleaning. However, it needs related research for the Chinese market and product design. This paper presents a human-centered design research from ethnographic studies, usability testing sessions, to design validation based on the exploration of real user needs and experience characteristics for Chinese consumers. Design guides were proposed to enhance the perceived quality and promote the localization of domestic dishwasher rack products, which have been proven effective by A/B testing. The methods and findings in this paper could inspire the related design of home appliances.
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Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2021YFF0900605), the Research Fund for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education (22YJA760082), the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (2022WZ1039), the National Foreign Cultural and Educational Experts Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology (G2022160013L), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Lushan Lab. We acknowledge Xin Shao in Vatti Co. Ltd., Aosha Long, Wenxuan Li, Fangli Song and MingQi Zhang in Hunan University, and the reviewers in HCII 2023.
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Appendices
Appendix 1: Questions for the Evaluation of Dishwasher Racks in the Comparative Usability Testing
Q1 | It is easy to understand how tableware is arranged by looking at the structure | 5 pt. Likert |
Q2 | I can use the structure of the rack to arrange chopsticks properly | 5 pt. Likert |
Q3 | I can use the structure of the rack to arrange bowls properly | 5 pt. Likert |
Q4 | I can use the structure of the rack to arrange dishes properly | 5 pt. Likert |
Q5 | I can use the structure of the rack to arrange cups properly | 5 pt. Likert |
Q6 | I can use the structure of the rack to arrange woks properly | 5 pt. Likert |
Q7 | I can use the structure of the rack to arrange cooking tools (i.e., spoon) properly | 5 pt. Likert |
Q8 | I can use the structure of the rack to arrange irregular tableware properly | 5 pt. Likert |
Q9 | It is easy to understand how the different structures in the rack are used | 5 pt. Likert |
Q10 | The process of placing the tableware is convenient | 5 pt. Likert |
Q11 | The height between the upper and lower layers of the rack is appropriate | 5 pt. Likert |
Q12 | There is enough room for chopsticks | 5 pt. Likert |
Q13 | There is enough room for cups | 5 pt. Likert |
Q14 | There is enough room for bowls | 5 pt. Likert |
Q15 | There is enough room for dishes | 5 pt. Likert |
Q16 | There is enough room for woks | 5 pt. Likert |
Q17 | The experience of the overall placement process is satisfactory | 5 pt. Likert |
Appendix 2: Longitudinal Comparison of Three Racks
Appendix 3: Questions for the Evaluation of Dishwasher Racks in the A/B Testing
Q1 | By observing the structure of the rack, I can easily understand the placement and partition of various tableware | 5 pt. Likert |
Q2 | By observing the structure of the rack, I can easily understand the arrangement of various tableware | 5 pt. Likert |
Q3 | I think the tableware placement process went smoothly | 5 pt. Likert |
Q4 | I can arrange the tableware properly in the dishwasher rack | 5 pt. Likert |
Q5 | I think there is enough space for tableware | 5 pt. Likert |
Q6 | I think the material matching of the rack is beautiful | 5 pt. Likert |
Q7 | I can put all the tableware on the rack very quickly | 5 pt. Likert |
Q8 | I think the functional zones of this rack are reasonable | 5 pt. Likert |
Q9 | I think the height of the upper and lower space of the rack is appropriate | 5 pt. Likert |
Q10 | If I have the intention to use the rack, I am willing to buy this rack | 5 pt. Likert |
Appendix 4: The Results of the A/B Testing
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Chen, D., Wang, W., Gao, X., Ding, Y., Liang, W. (2023). Evaluation of Usability and User Experience of Dishwasher Rack Design for Chinese Families. In: Marcus, A., Rosenzweig, E., Soares, M.M. (eds) Design, User Experience, and Usability. HCII 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14032. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35702-2_10
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