Abstract
Blockchain technology allows to store data in a secure and decentralized manner and can provide true ownership to the owners of the data. Therefore, it could be a good solution for applications where this is required. Resource-exchange systems are such a type of application. To allow to easily set up such systems using blockchain technology, we have introduced a framework that allows to generate such applications. The use of the framework does not require programming or blockchain knowledge. The range of applications that can be generated with the framework are applications for the management and exchange of resources across organizations and their customers. In this paper, we present the generation of the smart contracts from high-level specifications. We explain the mapping from the high-level user concepts used to specify a use case onto the technical concepts used in blockchain and smart contracts technology. We explain the different types of contracts generated as well as their role and functionality. The exchange of resources by means of these smart contracts is illustrated with some examples. We also discuss the limitations and further work.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
Note that transactions between end users outside the use case system are always possible (since any wallet software facilitates this) and thus do not require interaction with any of the above specified contracts. This ensures that end users possess true ownership of their resources.
References
Scherer, M.: Performance and scalability of blockchain networks and smart contracts (2017)
Underwood, S.: Blockchain beyond bitcoin. Commun. ACM. 59, 15–17 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1145/2994581
Chauhan, A., Malviya, O.P., Verma, M., Mor, T.S.: Blockchain and scalability. In: Proceedings of 2018 IEEE 18th International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security, QRS-C 2018. 122–128 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/QRS-C.2018.00034.
Parizi, R.M., Dehghantanha, A.: Smart contract programming languages on blockchains: an empirical evaluation of usability and security. In: Chen, S., Wang, H., Zhang, L.J. (eds.) ICBC 2018. LNCS, vol. 10974, pp. 75–91. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94478-4_6
Soni, K.: A trustable platform for exchange of resources across organizations and their customers. In: Middleware 2019 - Proceedings of the 2019 20th International Middleware Conference Doctoral Symposium, Part of Middleware 2019, pp. 20–22. Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1145/3366624.3368160
Soni, K., De Troyer, O.: Specifying blockchain-based resource-exchange systems by business-level users using a generic easy-to-use framework. In: Arai, K. (eds.) Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2022, Volume 2. LNNS, vol 560, Springer, Cham (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18458-1_3
Soni, K., De Troyer, O.: Generating smart contracts for blockchain-based resource-exchange systems. In: Pardede, E., Delir Haghighi, P., Khalil, I., Kotsis, G. (eds.) Information Integration and Web Intelligence, iiWAS 2022. LNCS, vol 13635, Springer, Cham (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21047-1_9
ERC20 Token Generator | Create ERC20 Token for FREE. https://vittominacori.github.io/erc20-generator/. Accessed 05 Aug 2021
Buterin, V.: Ethereum: a next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform (2014)
Regnath, E., Steinhorst, S.: SmaCoNat: smart contracts in natural language. In: 2018 Forum on Specification & Design Languages (FDL) (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/FDL.2018.8524068.
Frantz, C.K., Nowostawski, M.: From institutions to code: towards automated generation of smart contracts. In: Proceedings - IEEE 1st International Workshops on Foundations Applications of Self-Systems, FAS-W 2016, pp. 210–215 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/FAS-W.2016.53.
He, X., Qin, B., Zhu, Y., Chen, X., Liu, Y.: SPESC: a specification language for smart contracts. In: Proceedings - International Computing Software Application Conference, vol. 1, pp. 132–137 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/COMPSAC.2018.00025.
Zhu, Y., Song, W., Wang, D., Ma, D., Chu, W.C.C.: TA-SPESC: toward asset-driven smart contract language supporting ownership transaction and rule-based generation on blockchain. IEEE Trans. Reliab. 70, 1255–1270 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/TR.2021.3054617
Zupan, N., Kasinathan, P., Cuellar, J., Sauer, M.: Secure smart contract generation based on petri nets. In: Rosa Righi, Rodrigo da, Alberti, Antonio Marcos, Singh, Madhusudan (eds.) Blockchain Technology for Industry 4.0. BT, pp. 73–98. Springer, Singapore (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1137-0_4
Allouche, M., Mitrea, M., Moreaux, A., Kim, S.K.: Automatic smart contract generation for internet of media things. ICT Express. 7, 274–277 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ICTE.2021.08.009
Choudhury, O., Rudolph, N., Sylla, I., Fairoza, N., Das, A.: Auto-generation of smart contracts from domain-specific ontologies and semantic rules. In: Proceedings - IEEE 2018 International Congress Cybermatics 2018 IEEE Conference on Internet Things, Green Computing Communication Cyber, Physical Society Computing Smart Data, Blockchain, Computing Information Technology iThings/Gree, pp. 963–970 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/CYBERMATICS_2018.2018.00183.
Lu, Q., et al.: Integrated model-driven engineering of blockchain applications for business processes and asset management. Softw. Pract. Exp. 51, 1059–1079 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/SPE.2931
Tran, A.B., Lu, Q., Weber, I.: Lorikeet: a model-driven engineering tool for blockchain-based business process execution and asset management. In: 16th International Conference on Business Process Management, Sydney, Australia, p. 5 (2018)
Tran, A.B., Xu, S., Weber, I., Staples, M., Rimba, P.: Regerator: a registry generator for blockchain. In: 29th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CaiSE2017), Essen, Germany, pp. 81–88 (2017).
Fournier, F., Skarbovsky, I.: Enriching smart contracts with temporal aspects. In: Joshi, J., Nepal, S., Zhang, Q., Zhang, L.-J. (eds.) ICBC 2019. LNCS, vol. 11521, pp. 126–141. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23404-1_9
Home | ethereum.org. https://ethereum.org/en/. Accessed 02 June 2022
Polygon. https://polygon.technology/. Accessed 04 June 2022
Mahmoud, Q.H., Lescisin, M., AlTaei, M.: Research challenges and opportunities in blockchain and cryptocurrencies. Internet Technol. Lett. 2, e93 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/ITL2.93
Nguyen, G.T., Kim, K.: A survey about consensus algorithms used in blockchain. J. Inf. Process. Syst. 14, 101–128 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3745/JIPS.01.0024
Sorensen, D.: Establishing standards for consensus on blockchains. In: Joshi, J., Nepal, S., Zhang, Q., Zhang, LJ. (eds.) ICBC 2019. LNCS, vol. 11521, pp. 18–33. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23404-1_2/FIGURES/3
Christidis, K., Devetsikiotis, M.: Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things. IEEE Access. 4, 2292–2303 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2566339
Giancaspro, M.: Is a ‘smart contract’ really a smart idea? Insights from a legal perspective. Comput. Law Secur. Rev. 33, 825–835 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CLSR.2017.05.007
ERC | Ethereum Improvement Proposals. https://eips.ethereum.org/erc. Accessed 09 Mar 2022
Macdonald, M., Liu-Thorrold, L., Julien, R.: The blockchain: a comparison of platforms and their uses beyond bitcoin (2017). https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23274.52164
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Soni, K., De Troyer, O. (2022). From Business-Level Specifications to Smart Contracts for Blockchain-Based Resource-Exchange Systems. In: Chen, S., Shyamasundar, R.K., Zhang, LJ. (eds) Blockchain – ICBC 2022. ICBC 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13733. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23495-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23495-8_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-23494-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-23495-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)