Abstract
Energy reduction has become a necessity for modern datacentres, with CPU being a key contributor to the energy consumption of nodes. Increasing the utilization of CPU resources on active nodes is a key step towards energy efficiency. However, this is a challenging undertaking, as the workload can vary significantly among the nodes and over time, exposing operators to the risk of overcommitting the CPU. In this paper, we explore the trade-off between energy efficiency and node overloads, to drive virtual machine (VM) consolidation in a cost-aware manner. We introduce a model that uses runtime information to estimate the target utilization of the nodes to control their load, identifying and considering correlated behavior among collocated workloads. Moreover, we introduce a VM allocation and node management policy that exploits the model to increase the profit of datacentre operators considering the trade-off between energy reduction and potential SLA violation costs. We evaluate our work through simulations using node profiles derived from real machines and workloads from real datacentre traces. The results show that our policy adapts the nodes’ target utilization in a highly effective way, converging to a target utilization that is statically optimal for the workload at hand. Moreover, we show that our policy closely matches, or even outperforms two state-of-the-art policies that combine VM consolidation with VFS – the second one, also operating the CPU at reduced voltage margins – even when these are configured to use a static, workload- and architecture-specific target utilization derived through offline characterization of the workload.
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Kalogirou, C., Antonopoulos, C.D., Lalis, S., Bellas, N. (2023). Dynamic Management of CPU Resources Towards Energy Efficient and Profitable Datacentre Operation. In: Klusáček, D., Julita, C., Rodrigo, G.P. (eds) Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing. JSSPP 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13592. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22698-4_7
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