Abstract
Aggression and hate speech is a rising concern in social media platforms. It is drawing significant attention in the research community who are investigating different methods to detect such content. Aggression, which can be expressed in many forms, is able to leave victims devastated and often scar them for life. Families and social media users prefer a safer platform to interact with each other. Which is why detection and prevention of aggression and hatred over internet is a must. In this paper we extract different features from our social media data and perform supervised learning methods to understand which model produces the best results. We also analyze the features to understand if there is any pattern involved in the features that associates to aggression in social media data. We used state-of-the-art cognitive feature to gain better insight in our dataset. We also employed ngrams sentiment and Part of speech features as a standard model to identify other hate speech and aggression in text. Our model was able to identify texts that contain aggression with an f-score of 0.67.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggression Date: 11/22/2018.
References
Bagheri, H., Islam, M.J.: Sentiment analysis of twitter data. arXiv preprint arXiv:1711.10377 (2017)
Bird, S., Loper, E.: Nltk: the natural language toolkit. In: Proceedings of the ACL 2004 on Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions, p. 31. Association for Computational Linguistics (2004)
Brown, P.F., Desouza, P.V., Mercer, R.L., Pietra, V.J.D., Lai, J.C.: Class-based n-gram models of natural language. Comput. Linguist. 18(4), 467–479 (1992)
Buss, A.H.: The psychology of aggression (1961)
Chatzakou, D., Kourtellis, N., Blackburn, J., De Cristofaro, E., Stringhini, G., Vakali, A.: Mean birds: detecting aggression and bullying on twitter. In: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Web Science Conference, pp. 13–22. ACM (2017)
Chen, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhu, S., Xu, H.: Detecting offensive language in social media to protect adolescent online safety. In: Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust (PASSAT), 2012 International Conference on and 2012 International Confernece on Social Computing (SocialCom), pp. 71–80. IEEE (2012)
Dinakar, K., Reichart, R., Lieberman, H.: Modeling the detection of textual cyberbullying. Soc. Mob. Web 11(02), 11–17 (2011)
Görzig, A., Frumkin, L.A.: Cyberbullying experiences on-the-go: when social media can become distressing. Cyberpsychology 7(1), 4 (2013)
Holmes, G., Donkin, A., Witten, I.H.: Weka: a machine learning workbench. In: Intelligent Information Systems, 1994. Proceedings of the 1994 Second Australian and New Zealand Conference on, pp. 357–361. IEEE (1994)
Keshtkar, F., Inkpen, D.: Using sentiment orientation features for mood classification in blogs. In: 2009 International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Engineering, pp. 1–6 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1109/NLPKE.2009.5313734
Kim, Y.: Convolutional neural networks for sentence classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1408.5882 (2014)
Kumar, R., Reganti, A.N., Bhatia, A., Maheshwari, T.: Aggression-annotated corpus of Hindi-English code-mixed data. arXiv preprint arXiv:1803.09402 (2018)
Pennebaker, J.W., Boyd, R.L., Jordan, K., Blackburn, K.: The development and psychometric properties of liwc2015. Technical Report (2015)
Pennebaker, J.W., Francis, M.E., Booth, R.J.: Linguistic inquiry and word count: Liwc 2001. Mahway: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc. 71(2001), 2001 (2001)
Raja, M., Swamynathan, S.: Tweet sentiment analyzer: Sentiment score estimation method for assessing the value of opinions in tweets. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Information Communication Technology & Computing, p. 83. ACM (2016)
Reynolds, K., Kontostathis, A., Edwards, L.: Using machine learning to detect cyberbullying. In: Machine Learning and Applications and Workshops (ICMLA), 2011 10th International Conference on, vol. 2, pp. 241–244. IEEE (2011)
Roy, A., Kapil, P., Basak, K., Ekbal, A.: An ensemble approach for aggression identification in English and Hindi text. In: Proceedings of the First Workshop on Trolling, Aggression and Cyberbullying (TRAC-2018), pp. 66–73 (2018)
Sahay, K., Khaira, H.S., Kukreja, P., Shukla, N.: Detecting cyberbullying and aggression in social commentary using NLP and machine learning. people (2018)
Samghabadi, N.S., Mave, D., Kar, S., Solorio, T.: Ritual-uh at trac 2018 shared task: aggression identification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1807.11712 (2018)
Sharma, S., Agrawal, S., Shrivastava, M.: Degree based classification of harmful speech using twitter data. arXiv preprint arXiv:1806.04197 (2018)
Socher, R., et al.: Recursive deep models for semantic compositionality over a sentiment treebank. In: Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 1631–1642 (2013)
Tausczik, Y., Pennebaker, J.: The psychological meaning of words: Liwc and computerized text analysis methods. J. Lang. Soc. Psychol. 29, 24–54 (2010)
Van Hee, C., et al.: Automatic detection of cyberbullying in social media text. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.05617 (2018)
Wang, H.: Introduction to word2vec and its application to find predominant word senses. http://compling.hss.ntu.edu.sg/courses/hg7017/pdf/word2vec%20and%20its%20application%20to%20wsd.pdf (2014)
Zainol, Z., Wani, S., Nohuddin, P., Noormanshah, W., Marzukhi, S.: Association analysis of cyberbullying on social media using apriori algorithm. Int. J. Eng. Technol. 7, 72–75 (2018). https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.29.21847
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Iqbal, S., Keshtkar, F. (2023). Using Cognitive Learning Method to Analyze Aggression in Social Media Text. In: Gelbukh, A. (eds) Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing. CICLing 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13452. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24340-0_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24340-0_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-24339-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-24340-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)