Abstract
Hate speech is when someone or a group of people is insulted or stigmatized based on their background, colour, gender, religion, or other traits. Additionally, social media generates massive amounts of data every day. However, due to data peculiarities, a single classifier cannot deliver the heterogeneous feature for text classification. As a result, a novel fusion RNN (BiLSTM-BiGRU)-Multichannel CNN-Capsule Network-Attention (RMCCA) is presented in this research. The proposed approach improves in classification improvement. By eliminating ambiguity and text granularities, the suggested method facilitates in strengthening classification accuracy and ground truth evidence. Separate data sets are used to validate the suggested models. The empirical results show that the offered methods produce sufficient hate speech classification results.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alsafari, S., Sadaoui, S.: Semi-supervised self-learning for Arabic hate speech detection. In: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), pp. 863–868 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/SMC52423.2021.9659134
Boishakhi, F.T., Shill, P.C., Alam, M.G.R.: Multi-modal hate speech detection using machine learning. In: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data), pp. 4496–4499 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/BigData52589.2021.9671955
Chaudhari, A., Parseja, A., Patyal, A.: CNN based hate-o-meter: a hate speech detecting tool. In: 2020 Third International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT), pp. 940–944 (2020)
Cho, K., et al.: Learning phrase representations using RNN encoder-decoder for statistical machine translation. arXiv:1406.1078 (2014)
Chung, J., Gulcehre, C., Cho, K., Bengio, Y.: Empirical evaluation of gated recurrent neural networks on sequence modeling. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.3555 (2014)
Elisabeth, D., Budi, I., Ibrohim, M.O.: Hate code detection in Indonesian tweets using machine learning approach: a dataset and preliminary study. In: 2020 8th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (ICoICT), pp. 1–6 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICoICT49345.2020.9166251
Fortuna, P., Nunes, S.: A survey on automatic detection of hate speech in text. ACM Comput. Surv. 51(4), 1–30 (2018)
Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., Courville, A., Bengio, Y.: Deep Learning, vol. 1. MIT Press, Cambridge (2016)
Greff, K., Srivastava, R.K., Koutník, J., Steunebrink, B.R., Schmidhuber, J.: LSTM: a search space odyssey. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. 28(10), 2222–2232 (2016)
Huang, X., Xu, M.: An inter and intra transformer for hate speech detection. In: 2021 3rd International Academic Exchange Conference on Science and Technology Innovation (IAECST), pp. 346–349 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/IAECST54258.2021.9695652
Khan, H., Yu, F., Sinha, A., Gokhale, S.S.: A parsimonious and practical approach to detecting offensive speech. In: 2021 International Conference on Computing, Communication, and Intelligent Systems (ICCCIS), pp. 688–695 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCIS51004.2021.9397140
Kim, J., Jang, S., Park, E., Choi, S.: Text classification using capsules. Neurocomputing 376, 214–221 (2020)
Liu, H., Burnap, P., Alorainy, W., Williams, M.L.: A fuzzy approach to text classification with two-stage training for ambiguous instances. IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst. 6(2), 227–240 (2019)
Mayda,, Demir, Y.E., Dalyan, T., Diri, B.: Hate speech dataset from Turkish tweets. In: 2021 Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications Conference (ASYU), pp. 1–6 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/ASYU52992.2021.9599042
Naidu, T.A., Kumar, S.: Hate speech detection using multi-channel convolutional neural network. In: 2021 3rd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICAC3N), pp. 908–912 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAC3N53548.2021.9725696
Naseem, U., Razzak, I., Eklund, P.W.: A survey of pre-processing techniques to improve short-text quality: a case study on hate speech detection on twitter. Multimedia Tools Appl. 1–28 (2020)
Paschalides, D., et al.: Mandola: a big-data processing and visualization platform for monitoring and detecting online hate speech. ACM Trans. Internet Technol. 20(2), 1–21 (2020)
Sachdeva, J., Chaudhary, K.K., Madaan, H., Meel, P.: Text based hate-speech analysis. In: 2021 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Systems (ICAIS), pp. 661–668 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAIS50930.2021.9396013
Wang, J., Yu, L., Lai, K.R., Zhang, X.: Tree-structured regional CNN-LSTM model for dimensional sentiment analysis. IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process. 28, 581–591 (2020)
Watanabe, H., Bouazizi, M., Ohtsuki, T.: Hate speech on twitter: a pragmatic approach to collect hateful and offensive expressions and perform hate speech detection. IEEE Access 6, 13825–13835 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2806394
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Shah, P., Patel, A. (2022). A Novel Multimodal Fusion Technique for Text Based Hate Speech Classification. In: Singh, M., Tyagi, V., Gupta, P.K., Flusser, J., Ören, T. (eds) Advances in Computing and Data Sciences. ICACDS 2022. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1614. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12641-3_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12641-3_29
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-12640-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-12641-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)