Abstract
Face recognition is a research challenge continuous and has seen colossal development during the last two decades. While coming algorithms keep on achieving improved the performance, a greater part of the face recognition systems are receptive to failure under disguise and makeup variations that is one of the common challenging covariates of facial recognition. In past researches, some algorithms show promising results on the existing disguise datasets, still, most of the disguise datasets include images with limited variations (oftentimes captured in controlled settings). This not simulate a real-world scenario, wherever both the intended/ unintended unconstrained disguises and makeup are encountered by a face recognition systems. In this paper, the disguised and makeup faces database (DMFD) is used. In order to handle this problem, One of simple, yet efficient ways for extracting face image features is (LBPH), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that was majorly utilized in pattern recognition. Also, the technique of Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) employed for overcoming PCA limitations was efficiently used in face recognition. Further, classification is employed following the feature extraction. The Naïve Bayes, KNN and Random forest RF algorithms are used. The results paper show the effectiveness and generalization of the proposed system on the Disguise and makeup face database (DMFD) and the features which are extracted by means of (LDA) with (RF) provided the better results of (F-measure, Recall, and Precision).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hapani, S., Prabhu, N., Parakhiya, N., Paghdal, M.: Automated attendance system using image processing. In: 2018 4th International Conference on Computing Communication Control and Automation (ICCUBEA), pp. 1–5. IEEE (2018)
Jayaraman, U., Gupta, P., Gupta, S., Arora, G., Tiwari, K.: Recent development in face recognition. Neurocomputing 408, 231–245 (2020)
Meena, D., Sharan, R.: An approach to face detection and recognition. In: 2016 International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2016)
Wang, T.Y., Kumar, A.: Recognizing human faces under disguise and makeup.In: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Identity, Security and Behavior Analysis (ISBA), pp. 1–7. IEEE (2016)
Sabri, N., et al.: A comparison of face detection classifier using facial geometry distance measure. In: 2018 9th IEEE Control and System Graduate Research Colloquium (ICSGRC), pp. 116–120. IEEE (2018)
Putranto, E.B., Situmorang, P.A., Girsang, A.S.: Face recognition using eigenface with naive Bayes. In: 2016 11th International Conference on Knowledge, Information and Creativity Support Systems (KICSS), pp. 1–4. IEEE (2016)
Chen, Y.-P., Chen, Q.-H., Chou, K.-Y., Wu, R.-H.: Low-cost face recognition system based on extended local binary pattern. In: 2016 International Automatic Control Conference (CACS), pp. 13–18. IEEE (2016)
Li-Hong, Z., Fei, L., Yong-Jun, W.: Face recognition based on LBP and genetic algorithm. In: 2016 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), pp. 1582–1587. IEEE (2016)
Sovitkar, S.A., Kawathekar, S.S.: Comparative study of feature-based algorithms and classifiers in face recognition for automated attendance system. In: 2020 2nd International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications (ICIMIA), pp. 195–200. IEEE (2020)
Tiwari, K., Patel, M.: Facial expression recognition using random forest classifier. In: Mathur, G., Sharma, H., Bundele, M., Dey, N., Paprzycki, M. (eds.) International Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Advances and Applications 2019. AIS, pp. 121–130. Springer, Singapore (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1059-5_15
Weblink for downloading The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Disguise and Makeup Faces Database described in this paper (2016). http://www.comp.polyu.edu.hk/~csajaykr/DMFaces.htm
Joseph, R.P., Singh, C.S., Manikandan, M.: Brain tumor MRI image segmentation and detection in image processing. Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol. 3, 1–5 (2014)
Senthilkumaran, N., Thimmiaraja, J.: Histogram equalization for image enhancement using MRI brain images. In: Computing and Communication Technologies, WCCCT, pp. 80–83. IEEE (2014)
Salau, A.O., Jain, S.: Feature extraction: a survey of the types, techniques, applications. In: 2019 International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication (ICSC), pp. 158–164. IEEE (2019)
Oloyede, M.O., Hancke, G.P., Myburgh, H.C.: A review on face recognition systems: recent approaches and challenges. Multimedia Tools Appl. 79(37–38), 27891–27922 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09261-2
Kortli, Y., Jridi, M., Falou, A.A., Atri, M.: Face recognition systems: a survey. Sensors 20(2), 342 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/s20020342
Kaushik, S., Dubey, R.B., Madan, A.: Study of face recognition techniques. Int. J. Adv. Comput. Res. 4(4), 909 (2014)
Turk, M.A., Pentland, A.P.: Face recognition using eigenfaces. In: Proceedings of the 1991 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 586–587. IEEE Computer Society (1991)
Pereira, J.F., Barreto, R.M., Cavalcanti, G.D.C., Tsang, R: A robust feature extraction algorithm based on class-modular image principal component analysis for face verification. In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pp. 1469–1472. IEEE (2011)
Singh, A., Singh, S.K., Tiwari, S.: Comparison of face recognition algorithms on dummy faces. Int. J. Multimedia Appl. 4(4), 121 (2012)
Barnouti, N.H.N.: Face recognition using eigen-face implemented on Dsp Professor. Ph.D. Dissertation, School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (2014)
Chen, J., Kenneth Jenkins, W.: Facial recognition with PCA and machine learning methods. In: 2017 IEEE 60th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), pp. 973–976. IEEE (2017)
Martinez, A.M., Kak, A.C.: PCA versus LDA. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 23(2), 228–233 (2001)
Bhattacharyya, S.K., Rahul, K.: Face recognition by linear discriminant analysis. Int. J. Commun. Netw. Secur. 2(2), 31–35 (2013)
Patil, V., Narayan, A., Ausekar, V., Dinesh, A.: Automatic students attendance marking system using image processing and machine learning. In: 2020 International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC), pp. 542–546. IEEE (2020)
Deeba, F., Memon, H., Ali, F., Ahmed, A., Ghaffar, A.: LBPH-based enhanced real-time face recognition. Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. 10(5), 274–280 (2019). https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2019.0100535
Ahmed, A., Guo, J., Ali, F., Deeba, F., Ahmed, A.: LBPH based improved face recognition at low resolution. In: 2018 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data (ICAIBD), pp. 144–147. IEEE (2018)
Abuzneid, M.A., Mahmood, A.: Enhanced human face recognition using LBPH descriptor, multi-KNN, and back-propagation neural network. IEEE Access 6, 20641–20651 (2018)
Bhavitha, B. K., Rodrigues, A.P., Chiplunkar, N.N.: Comparative study of machine learning techniques in sentimental analysis. In: 2017 International Conference on Inventive Communication and Computational Technologies (ICICCT), pp. 216–221. IEEE (2017)
Das, S., Dey, A., Pal, A., Roy, N.: Applications of artificial intelligence in machine learning: review and prospect. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 115(9), 31–41 (2015). https://doi.org/10.5120/20182-2402
Dhall, D., Kaur, R., Juneja, M.: Machine learning: a review of the algorithms and its applications. Proc. ICRIC 2020, 47–63 (2019)
Zhang, S., Wu, Y., Chang, J.: Survey of image recognition algorithms. In: 2020 IEEE 4th Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC), vol. 1, pp. 542–548. IEEE (2020)
Yaman, M., Subasi, A., Rattay, F.: Comparison of random subspace and voting ensemble machine learning methods for face recognition. Symmetry 10(11), 651 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10110651
Sen, P.C., Hajra, M., Ghosh, M.: Supervised classification algorithms in machine learning: a survey and review. In: Mandal, J.K., Bhattacharya, D. (eds.) Emerging Technology in Modelling and Graphics. AISC, vol. 937, pp. 99–111. Springer, Singapore (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7403-6_11
Han, J., Pei, J., Kamber, M.: Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques. Elsevier, Waltham (2011)
Subudhi, A., Dash, M., Sabut, S.: Automated segmentation and classification of brain stroke using expectation-maximization and random forest classifier. Biocybern. Biomed. Eng. 40(1), 277–289 (2020)
Liaw, A., Wiener, M.: Classification and regression by randomForest. R News 2(3), 18–22 (2002)
Zhang, P., Yin, Z.-Y., Jin, Y.-F., Chan, T.H.T., Gao, F.-P.: Intelligent modelling of clay compressibility using hybrid meta-heuristic and machine learning algorithms. Geosci. Front. 12(1), 441–452 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2020.02.014
Acknowledgments
My sincere thanks and gratitude to Dr. Ali mohsin Al-juboori for supervision and technical support during the project.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Al-ghanim, F.J., Al-juboori, A. (2021). Face Recognition with Disguise and Makeup Variations Using Image Processing and Machine Learning. In: Singh, M., Tyagi, V., Gupta, P.K., Flusser, J., Ören, T., Sonawane, V.R. (eds) Advances in Computing and Data Sciences. ICACDS 2021. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1440. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81462-5_35
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81462-5_35
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-81461-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-81462-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)