Abstract
We describe the use of linguistic linked data to support a cross-lingual transfer framework for sentiment analysis in the pharmaceutical domain. The proposed system dynamically gathers translations from the Linked Open Data (LOD) cloud, particularly from Apertium RDF, in order to project a deep learning-based sentiment classifier from one language to another, thus enabling scalability and avoiding the need of model re-training when transferred across languages. We describe the whole pipeline traversed by the multilingual data, from their conversion into RDF based on a new dynamic and flexible transformation framework, through their linking and publication as linked data, and finally their exploitation in the particular use case. Based on experiments on projecting a sentiment classifier from English to Spanish, we demonstrate how linked data techniques are able to enhance the multilingual capabilities of a deep learning-based approach in a dynamic and scalable way, in a real application scenario from the pharmaceutical domain.
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Notes
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See https://www.w3.org/2016/05/ontolex/#core for a diagram and complete description of the OntoLex-lemon core module.
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See the whole diagram of the vartrans module at https://www.w3.org/2016/05/ontolex/#variation-translation-vartrans.
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RWE is evidence for the effectiveness and safety of a drug product, gathered outside of the controlled settings of clinical trials, in order to demonstrate added value of a drug in terms of improvements in quality of life in specific patient populations.
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The mapping is available as CSV and TSV in GitHub and open to comments and modification by the community. See https://github.com/sid-unizar/apertium-lexinfo-mapping.
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Access to a testing SPARQL endpoint, as well as a number of example queries to the Apertium RDF v2.0 dataset, can be found at 10.6084/m9.figshare.12355358. A stable version of Apertium RDF v2.0 will be uploaded to http://linguistic.linkeddata.es/apertium/ and hosted by Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) as part of the Prêt-à-LLOD project and documented through https://lod-cloud.net/.
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Trained on news text, available from https://drive.google.com/open?id=1GpyF2h0j8K5TKT7y7Aj0OyPgpFc8pMNS.
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Trained on the PubMed Central corpus, available from http://bio.nlplab.org.
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Trained on Wikipedia text, available from https://drive.google.com/open?id=1GpyF2h0j8K5TKT7y7Aj0OyPgpFc8pMNS.
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Trained on the concatenation of the Scielo corpus and a medical subset of Wikipedia text, available from https://zenodo.org/record/2542722#.XeUOo5NKjUK.
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The overlap between these resources amounts to 647 processed entries between Apertium and BingLiu, but only 54 between Apertium and Pharma, and only 12 between Pharma and BingLiu.
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Accuracy is defined as the proportion of correct labels in all labels predicted by the model on the test set.
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For Apertium, Pharma, and Bing Liu, Table 3 displays only the best-performing configurations of monolingual embeddings.
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Despite not being exactly comparable due to non-parallel evaluation data, the classifiers resulting from the Task Extension setting differ by only 4.3 points in source vs. target language accuracy (0.816 vs. 0.773, respectively).
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Acknowledgements
This work was funded by the Prêt-à-LLOD project within the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 825182. This work is also based upon work from COST Action CA18209 – NexusLinguarum “European network for Web-centred linguistic data science”, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). It has been also partially supported by the Spanish projects TIN2016-78011-C4-3-R (AEI/FEDER, UE) and DGA/FEDER 2014–2020.
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Gracia, J. et al. (2020). Leveraging Linguistic Linked Data for Cross-Lingual Model Transfer in the Pharmaceutical Domain. In: Pan, J.Z., et al. The Semantic Web – ISWC 2020. ISWC 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12507. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62466-8_31
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