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Effect of Migration Flows on the Ethnic Identity of the Indigenous Peoples of the Amazonian Communities

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Research and Innovation Forum 2020 (RIIFORUM 2020)

Part of the book series: Springer Proceedings in Complexity ((SPCOM))

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Abstract

The indigenous communities in the Amazonia are in an accelerated process of acculturation. In this context, one of the main elements in order to determine the cause and effect of migration would be to measure the degree of ethnic identity of each indigenous individual or an entire community as a whole. In this research, a study is carried out that quantitatively determines the ethnic identity that the indigenous people of the Waorani Amazon community have in relation to the inhabitants of the cities that have a western identity. For this purpose, a function is provided to measure the distance of cultural identity between two individuals. The proposed method is able to determine the ethnic distances between individuals. Specifically, this article presents a study of the identity distances of three populations with different cultures (the indigenous Waorani community, Tena and Quito), also determining those indigenous Waorani inhabitants who can be considered ethnically closer to their own culture. The results show that ethnic identity is being modified in several ways. Firstly, it affects the relationship that indigenous people have with their habitat and customs. On the other hand, it affects migration to towns and cities, mainly those with western culture.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Sociology and Social Work, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador

    Aldrin Espín-León

  2. Department of Computer Technology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain

    Antonio Jimeno-Morenilla & Jorge Azorín-López

  3. Developmental and Educational Psychology Department, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain

    María Luisa Pertegal-Felices

Authors
  1. Aldrin Espín-León
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  2. Antonio Jimeno-Morenilla
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  3. María Luisa Pertegal-Felices
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  4. Jorge Azorín-López
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Antonio Jimeno-Morenilla .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Research & Innovation Institute (Rii), Warsaw, Poland

    Anna Visvizi

  2. Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Miltiadis D. Lytras

  3. Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Naif R. Aljohani

Annex

Annex

Topographical distance of identities from the Waorani (WM)

Waoranis

Tena

Quito

N

Distan

N

Distan

N

Distan

N

Distan

N

Distan

N

Distan

*1

0.0000

45

0.8867

1

3.2492

56

2.2072

1

3.2873

51

4.3325

2

0.2555

46

0.6054

2

3.7354

57

2.1769

2

3.2873

52

4.1059

3

0.6054

47

0.5157

3

1.8700

58

2.4297

3

2.8844

53

4.3844

4

1.3558

48

0.2555

4

4.5219

59

2.4297

4

3.5923

54

4.3325

5

0.2671

49

0.2555

5

2.7607

60

2.4917

5

3.2729

55

4.3325

6

0.6395

50

0.6537

6

4.5219

61

2.1769

6

3.2873

56

4.5029

7

0.5717

51

1.3558

7

4.5219

62

2.2253

7

3.8727

57

4.5029

8

0.9589

52

1.6338

8

4.5219

63

2.5665

8

4.3325

58

3.4961

*9

0.0000

53

0.8867

9

4.1676

64

2.8267

9

2.8844

59

4.4762

10

0.6054

54

1.0287

10

4.1676

65

3.7417

10

3.2873

60

4.5029

11

0.5717

55

0.9589

11

1.8700

66

2.4297

11

4.5029

61

3.8998

12

0.8867

56

0.6054

12

4.5219

67

2.4297

12

4.3844

62

4.4762

*13

0.0000

57

0.6054

13

4.1676

68

1.6524

13

4.4969

63

4.5029

14

0.9774

58

0.9589

14

3.7417

69

1.6524

14

4.4969

64

4.4762

15

0.2555

59

0.2555

15

4.1676

70

1.9259

15

4.3844

65

4.5029

16

0.8867

60

1.0287

16

4.1676

71

1.6524

16

4.5029

66

4.5029

17

0.6054

61

0.8867

17

4.1676

72

2.1769

17

4.4762

67

4.5029

*18

0.0000

62

1.3558

18

3.7417

73

3.3422

18

2.8844

68

4.5029

19

0.2555

**63

1.6371

19

1.9259

74

1.1682

19

2.8203

69

4.3325

20

0.3267

64

1.3558

20

1.8700

75

3.3422

20

4.4762

70

4.3325

*21

0.0000

65

0.3267

21

2.4297

76

2.1233

21

3.5960

71

4.3325

22

0.6054

**66

1.6371

22

1.7293

77

2.1233

22

3.2474

72

4.3844

*23

0.0000

67

0.6054

23

1.8700

78

2.4917

23

2.8844

73

4.3325

24

0.2555

**68

1.6371

24

1.8700

79

2.8626

24

3.5923

74

3.8727

25

0.8867

69

1.3153

25

1.9461

80

1.1889

25

3.2729

75

3.8727

26

0.6885

70

1.3153

26

2.2072

81

2.2072

26

3.8727

76

4.3325

27

0.8867

71

1.3044

27

1.9572

82

1.6106

27

3.8727

77

4.1059

28

0.9774

72

1.3153

28

2.5132

83

1.7293

28

3.8727

78

3.8727

29

0.3267

73

0.8867

29

1.9259

84

2.7607

29

3.8727

79

3.9073

30

0.3267

74

0.6054

30

2.1233

85

2.2072

30

3.8727

80

3.8998

31

0.3267

75

0.8867

31

1.9572

86

1.9184

31

4.4969

81

3.9073

32

0.6885

76

0.8867

32

2.4917

87

1.9259

32

4.1059

82

4.3325

33

0.6054

77

0.2671

33

2.4917

88

1.9461

33

3.8998

83

3.2729

34

0.6885

*78

0.0000

34

3.3422

89

2.6004

34

4.4969

84

0.6885

35

0.2671

79

0.6054

35

2.8626

90

2.1233

35

4.4969

85

3.2873

36

0.6054

80

1.3558

36

3.3422

91

0.3267

36

3.5994

86

3.8231

37

0.0000

81

0.2671

37

1.9133

92

2.5326

37

4.2234

87

3.8998

38

0.2555

**82

2.1631

38

1.9461

93

1.9259

38

4.4762

88

3.8998

39

0.6885

*83

0.0000

39

2.1233

94

2.5665

39

3.2474

89

4.4762

40

0.9589

84

0.6054

40

2.5665

95

2.7607

40

3.8231

90

3.0597

**41

1.6371

85

0.8867

41

1.7293

96

1.9133

41

4.3325

91

4.4762

42

1.0287

86

0.2671

42

2.1769

97

3.0597 ara>

42

4.3325

92

4.2234

43

0.6054

87

0.2555

43

1.6106

98

2.5326

43

4.4762

93

4.1059

44

1.3558

88

0.2671

44

2.2072

99

2.8267

44

3.5923

94

4.4969

    

45

2.2072

100

1.9380

45

3.8998

95

4.2433

    

46

2.1233

101

1.9259

46

3.8727

96

3.5923

    

47

1.9380

102

1.7293

47

3.8727

97

3.8825

    

48

2.7607

103

1.9259

48

3.8727

98

3.5923

    

49

1.5501

104

3.7354

49

3.8727

99

2.2382

    

50

1.8700

105

2.2253

50

3.5994

100

2.8203

    

51

1.9380

106

2.5132

    
    

52

2.1233

107

1.9572

    
    

53

3.2492

108

2.2366

    
    

54

1.6524

109

2.5665

    
    

55

2.5665

110

3.3422

    
      

111

2.7607

    
  1. Waorani individual No. 37 (WM) of maximum value with 354 out of 396 points (89.4%), corresponds to the female gender with 36 years of age
  2. * Waoranis individuals with minimum distance (0.0000) from WM
  3. ** Waoranis individuals with maximum distances from WM

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Espín-León, A., Jimeno-Morenilla, A., Pertegal-Felices, M.L., Azorín-López, J. (2021). Effect of Migration Flows on the Ethnic Identity of the Indigenous Peoples of the Amazonian Communities. In: Visvizi, A., Lytras, M.D., Aljohani, N.R. (eds) Research and Innovation Forum 2020. RIIFORUM 2020. Springer Proceedings in Complexity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62066-0_49

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