Abstract
In this paper, we aim at addressing two critical issues in the 3D detection task, including the exploitation of multiple sensors (namely LiDAR point cloud and camera image), as well as the inconsistency between the localization and classification confidence. To this end, we propose a novel fusion module to enhance the point features with semantic image features in a point-wise manner without any image annotations. Besides, a consistency enforcing loss is employed to explicitly encourage the consistency of both the localization and classification confidence. We design an end-to-end learnable framework named EPNet to integrate these two components. Extensive experiments on the KITTI and SUN-RGBD datasets demonstrate the superiority of EPNet over the state-of-the-art methods. Codes and models are available at: https://github.com/happinesslz/EPNet.
T. Huang and Z. Liu—Equal contribution.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chen, X., Kundu, K., Zhang, Z., Ma, H., Fidler, S., Urtasun, R.: Monocular 3D object detection for autonomous driving. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2016)
Chen, X., Kundu, K., Zhu, Y., Ma, H., Fidler, S., Urtasun, R.: 3D object proposals using stereo imagery for accurate object class detection. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 40(5), 1259–1272 (2017)
Chen, X., Ma, H., Wan, J., Li, B., Xia, T.: Multi-view 3D object detection network for autonomous driving. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2017)
Chen, Y., Liu, S., Shen, X., Jia, J.: Fast point R-CNN. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (2019)
Du, X., Ang, M.H., Karaman, S., Rus, D.: A general pipeline for 3D detection of vehicles. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 3194–3200 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRA.2018.8461232
Geiger, A., Lenz, P., Urtasun, R.: Are we ready for autonomous driving. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Girshick, R.: Fast R-CNN. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 1440–1448 (2015)
Ioffe, S., Szegedy, C.: Batch normalization: accelerating deep network training by reducing internal covariate shift. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Machine Learning (2015)
Jiang, B., Luo, R., Mao, J., Xiao, T., Jiang, Y.: Acquisition of localization confidence for accurate object detection. In: Ferrari, V., Hebert, M., Sminchisescu, C., Weiss, Y. (eds.) Computer Vision – ECCV 2018. LNCS, vol. 11218, pp. 816–832. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01264-9_48
Kingma, D.P., Ba, J.: Adam: a method for stochastic optimization. In: ICLR (2014)
Ku, J., Mozifian, M., Lee, J., Harakeh, A., Waslander, S.L.: Joint 3D proposal generation and object detection from view aggregation. In: IROS, pp. 1–8. IEEE (2018)
Ku, J., Pon, A.D., Waslander, S.L.: Monocular 3D object detection leveraging accurate proposals and shape reconstruction. In: CVPR (2019)
Lahoud, J., Ghanem, B.: 2D-driven 3D object detection in RGB-D images. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (2017)
Lang, A.H., Vora, S., Caesar, H., Zhou, L., Yang, J., Beijbom, O.: Pointpillars: fast encoders for object detection from point clouds. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2019)
Li, B., Ouyang, W., Sheng, L., Zeng, X., Wang, X.: GS3D: an efficient 3D object detection framework for autonomous driving. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2019)
Li, P., Chen, X., Shen, S.: Stereo R-CNN based 3D object detection for autonomous driving. In: CVPR (2019)
Liang, M., Yang, B., Chen, Y., Hu, R., Urtasun, R.: Multi-task multi-sensor fusion for 3D object detection. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2019)
Liang, M., Yang, B., Wang, S., Urtasun, R.: Deep continuous fusion for multi-sensor 3D object detection. In: Ferrari, V., Hebert, M., Sminchisescu, C., Weiss, Y. (eds.) ECCV 2018. LNCS, vol. 11220, pp. 663–678. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01270-0_39
Lin, T.Y., Goyal, P., Girshick, R., He, K., Dollár, P.: Focal loss for dense object detection. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (2017)
Liu, L., Lu, J., Xu, C., Tian, Q., Zhou, J.: Deep fitting degree scoring network for monocular 3D object detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1057–1066 (2019)
Liu, Z., Zhao, X., Huang, T., Hu, R., Zhou, Y., Bai, X.: Tanet: robust 3D object detection from point clouds with triple attention. In: AAAI, pp. 11677–11684 (2020)
Luo, W., Yang, B., Urtasun, R.: Fast and furious: real time end-to-end 3D detection, tracking and motion forecasting with a single convolutional net. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2018)
Ma, X., Wang, Z., Li, H., Zhang, P., Ouyang, W., Fan, X.: Accurate monocular object detection via color-embedded 3D reconstruction for autonomous driving. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) (2019)
Meyer, G.P., Laddha, A., Kee, E., Vallespi-Gonzalez, C., Wellington, C.K.: LaserNet: an efficient probabilistic 3D object detector for autonomous driving. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2019)
Mousavian, A., Anguelov, D., Flynn, J., Kosecka, J.: 3D bounding box estimation using deep learning and geometry. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2017)
Qi, C.R., Litany, O., He, K., Guibas, L.J.: Deep hough voting for 3D object detection in point clouds. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (2019)
Qi, C.R., Liu, W., Wu, C., Su, H., Guibas, L.J.: Frustum PointNets for 3D object detection from RGB-D data. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2018)
Qi, C.R., Yi, L., Su, H., Guibas, L.J.: PointNet++: deep hierarchical feature learning on point sets in a metric space. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 5099–5108 (2017)
Qin, Z., Wang, J., Lu, Y.: MonoGRNet: a geometric reasoning network for 3D object localization. In: The Thirty-Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-19) (2019)
Ren, Z., Sudderth, E.B.: Three-dimensional object detection and layout prediction using clouds of oriented gradients. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2016)
Shi, S., Wang, X., Li, H.: PointRCNN: 3D object proposal generation and detection from point cloud. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2019)
Simonelli, A., Bulò, S.R.R., Porzi, L., López-Antequera, M., Kontschieder, P.: Disentangling monocular 3D object detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.12365 (2019)
Song, S., Lichtenberg, S.P., Xiao, J.: Sun RGB-D: a RGB-D scene understanding benchmark suite. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2015)
Song, S., Xiao, J.: Deep sliding shapes for amodal 3D object detection in RGB-D images. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2016)
Wang, Y., Chao, W.L., Garg, D., Hariharan, B., Campbell, M., Weinberger, K.: Pseudo-LIDAR from visual depth estimation: bridging the gap in 3D object detection for autonomous driving. In: CVPR (2019)
Xu, B., Chen, Z.: Multi-level fusion based 3D object detection from monocular images. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2018)
Xu, D., Anguelov, D., Jain, A.: PointFusion: deep sensor fusion for 3D bounding box estimation. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2018)
Yan, Y., Mao, Y., Li, B.: Second: sparsely embedded convolutional detection. Sensors 18(10), 3337 (2018)
Yang, B., Luo, W., Urtasun, R.: PIXOR: real-time 3D object detection from point clouds. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2018)
Yang, Z., Sun, Y., Liu, S., Shen, X., Jia, J.: STD: sparse-to-dense 3D object detector for point cloud. In: ICCV (2019). http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.10471
Yu, J., Jiang, Y., Wang, Z., Cao, Z., Huang, T.: UnitBox: an advanced object detection network. In: Proceedings of the 24th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (2016)
Zhao, X., Liu, Z., Hu, R., Huang, K.: 3D object detection using scale invariant and feature reweighting networks. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 33, pp. 9267–9274 (2019)
Zhou, Y., Tuzel, O.: VoxelNet: end-to-end learning for point cloud based 3D object detection. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2018)
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFB 1004600), Xiang Bai was supported by the National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionals and the Program for HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team 2017QYTD08.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
1 Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Huang, T., Liu, Z., Chen, X., Bai, X. (2020). EPNet: Enhancing Point Features with Image Semantics for 3D Object Detection. In: Vedaldi, A., Bischof, H., Brox, T., Frahm, JM. (eds) Computer Vision – ECCV 2020. ECCV 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12360. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58555-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58555-6_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-58554-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-58555-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)