Abstract
Valve-related heart disease affects 27 million patients worldwide and is associated with inflammation, fibrosis and calcification which progressively lead to organ structure change. Aortic stenosis is the most common valve pathology with controversies regarding its optimal management, such as the timing of valve replacement. Therefore, there is emerging demand for analysis and simulation of valves to help researchers and companies to test novel approaches. This paper describes how to build ultrasound- and MRI-compatible aortic valves compliant phantoms with a two-part mold technique using 3D printing. The choice of the molding material, PVA, was based on its material properties and experimentally tested dissolving time. Different diseased valves were then manufactured with ecoflex silicone, a commonly used tissue-mimicking material. The valves were mounted with an external support and tested in physiological flow conditions. Flow images were obtained with both ultrasound and MRI, showing physiologically plausible anatomy and function of the valves. The simplicity of the manufacturing process and low cost of materials should enable an easy adoption of proposed methodology. Future research will focus on the extension of the method to cover a larger anatomical area (e.g. aortic arch) and the use of this phantom to validate the non-invasive assessment of blood pressure differences.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hockaday, L.A., Duan, B., Kang, K.H.: 3D printed hydrogel technologies for tissue-engineered heart valves. 3D Printing Addit. Manuf. 1(3), 122–136 (2014)
Everborn, G.,. Schirmer, H.: The evolving epidemiology of valvular aortic stenosis. The tromso study. Heart 99, 396–400 (2013)
Donati, F., Myerson, S.: Beyond Bernoulli, improving the accuracy and precision of noninvasive estimation of peak pressure drops. Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging 10, 1–9 (2017)
Qian, Z., Wang, K., Liu, S., et al.: Quantitative prediction of paravalvular leak in transcatheter aortic valve replacement based on tissue-mimicking 3D printing. JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging 10(7), 719–731 (2017)
Wang, Y., Tai, B.L., Yu, H., et al.: Silicone-based tissue-mimicking phantom for needle insertion simulation. Trans. ASME 8, 021001-1–021001-7 (2014)
Byrne, N., Velasco Forte, M.: A systematic review of image segmentation methodology used in the additive manufacture of patient-specific 3D printed models of the cardiovascular system. JRSM Cardiovasc. Dis. 5, 2048004016645467 (2016)
Wang, K.: Controlling the mechanical behaviour of dual-material 3D printed meta-materials for patient-specific tissue-mimicking phantoms. Mater. Des. 90, 704–712 (2016)
Adams, F.: Soft 3D-printed phantom of the human kidney with collection system. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 45(4), 963–972 (2017)
Bompotis, G.: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation using 3D printing modelling assistance. A single-center experience. Hellenic J. Cardiol. (2019)
Alkhouli, M.: 3D printed models for TAVR planning. JACC: Cardiovasc. Imaging 10(7), 732–734 (2017)
https://all3dp.com/kai-parthy-shares-3d-printing-soluble-filaments-lay-away/
Zweben, C., Smith, W.S., Wardle, M.W.: Test methods for fibre tensile strength, composite flexural modulus, and properties of fabric-reinforced laminates. In: Composite Materials: Testing and Design (Fifth Conference), ASTM International (1979)
Huang, B.: Recommendations on the echocardiographic assessment of aortic valve stenosis: a focused update from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography. Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging 18(3), 254–275 (2017)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Wang, S. et al. (2020). Manufacturing of Ultrasound- and MRI-Compatible Aortic Valves Using 3D Printing for Analysis and Simulation. In: Pop, M., et al. Statistical Atlases and Computational Models of the Heart. Multi-Sequence CMR Segmentation, CRT-EPiggy and LV Full Quantification Challenges. STACOM 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12009. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39074-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39074-7_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-39073-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-39074-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)