Abstract
Energy Disaggregation is the task of decomposing a single meter aggregate energy reading into its appliance level subcomponents. The recent growth of interest in this field has lead to development of many different techniques, among which Artificial Neural Networks have shown remarkable results. In this paper we propose a categorization of experiments that should serve as a benchmark, along with a baseline of results, to efficiently evaluate the most important aspects for this task. Furthermore, using this benchmark we investigate the application of Stacking on five popular ANNs. The models are compared on three metrics and show that Stacking can help improve or ensure performance in certain cases, especially on 2-state devices.
This work has been funded by the \({\mathrm{E}\Sigma \Pi \mathrm{A}}\) (2014-2020) Erevno-Dimiourgo-Kainotomo 2018/EPAnEK Program ‘Energy Controlling Voice Enabled Intelligent Smart Home Ecosystem’, General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Research and Religious Affairs.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aiad, M., Lee, P.H.: Non-intrusive load disaggregation with adaptive estimations of devices main power effects and two-way interactions. Energy Build. 130, 131–139 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.08.050. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778816307472
Chen, K., Wang, Q., He, Z., Chen, K., Hu, J., He, J.: Convolutional sequence to sequence non-intrusive load monitoring. J. Eng. 2018(17), 1860–1864 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.8352
Graves, A.: Generating sequences with recurrent neural networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1308.0850 (2013)
Hart, G.W.: Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring. Proc. IEEE 80(12), 1870–1891 (1992)
Kelly, J., Knottenbelt, W.: The UK-DALE dataset, domestic appliance-level electricity demand and whole-house demand from five UK homes. Sci. Data 2, 150007 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.7
Kelly, J., Knottenbelt, W.: The UK-DALE dataset, domestic appliance-level electricity demand and whole-house demand from five UK homes. Sci. Data 2, 150007 (2015)
Kolter, J.Z., Jaakkola, T.: Approximate inference in additive factorial HMMs with application to energy disaggregation, June 2018. https://doi.org/10.1184/R1/6603563.v1
Kolter, J.Z., Johnson, M.J.: REDD: a public data set for energy disaggregation research. In: Workshop on Data Mining Applications in Sustainability (SIGKDD), San Diego, CA, vol. 25, pp. 59–62 (2011)
Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Hinton, G.E.: ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 1097–1105 (2012)
Krystalakos, O., Nalmpantis, C., Vrakas, D.: Sliding window approach for online energy disaggregation using artificial neural networks. In: Proceedings of the 10th Hellenic Conference on Artificial Intelligence, SETN 2018, pp. 7:1–7:6. ACM, New York (2018). https://doi.org/10.1145/3200947.3201011
Lange, H., Bergés, M.: The neural energy decoder: energy disaggregation by combining binary subcomponents (2016)
Mauch, L., Yang, B.: A new approach for supervised power disaggregation by using a deep recurrent LSTM network. In: 2015 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP), pp. 63–67. IEEE (2015)
Nalmpantis, C., Vrakas, D.: Machine learning approaches for non-intrusive load monitoring: from qualitative to quantitative comparation. Artif. Intell. Rev. 1–27 (2018)
Paradiso, F., Paganelli, F., Giuli, D., Capobianco, S.: Context-based energy disaggregation in smart homes. Future Internet 8(1) (2016). https://doi.org/10.3390/fi8010004. http://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/8/1/4
Parson, O., Ghosh, S., Weal, M., Rogers, A.: Non-intrusive load monitoring using prior models of general appliance types. In: Twenty-Sixth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2012)
Todorovski, L., Džeroski, S.: Combining classifiers with meta decision trees. Mach. Learn. 50(3), 223–249 (2003)
Zeifman, M.: Disaggregation of home energy display data using probabilistic approach. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 58(1), 23–31 (2012)
Zhang, C., Zhong, M., Wang, Z., Goddard, N., Sutton, C.: Sequence-to-point learning with neural networks for non-intrusive load monitoring. In: Thirty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2018)
Zhong, M., Goddard, N., Sutton, C.: Signal aggregate constraints in additive factorial HMMs, with application to energy disaggregation. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 3590–3598 (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Symeonidis, N., Nalmpantis, C., Vrakas, D. (2019). A Benchmark Framework to Evaluate Energy Disaggregation Solutions. In: Macintyre, J., Iliadis, L., Maglogiannis, I., Jayne, C. (eds) Engineering Applications of Neural Networks. EANN 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1000. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20257-6_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20257-6_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-20256-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-20257-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)