Abstract
Emotional competence plays a crucial role in human communication and hence has also gained increasing attention for the design of interaction processes between humans and robots. Like humans, emotionally intelligent robots should be capable of coping with the emotions of their human counterpart as well as with their own artificial emotions, which requires some key competencies. Robots need the abilities to recognize and to understand human emotions in a certain situation, they have to be able to react adequately in order to regulate their own emotions as well as the emotions of their human counterpart, and they have to express their own emotions in an adequate way. In this paper we elaborate the concepts of emotional competence and show how artificial emotions and drives can be integrated into a robotic system to realize emotionally competent and proactive behavior. For this purpose we propose a fuzzy emotion model which is used as basis for human emotion recognition and for representing the static aspects of a robot’s emotions. Subsequently, a dynamic model for artificial robotic emotions and drives that allows for adequate control of robotic behavior is described. Furthermore, the application of our concepts in the emotionally competent robot head MEXI is presented.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Picard R.W.: Affective Computing. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (2001)
Salovey P., Mayer J.D.: Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality 9:185–211 (1990)
Seidel W.: Emotionale Kompetenz. Gehirnforschung und Lebenskunst. Elsevier-Spektrum Akademischer, Munich (2004)
Goleman D.: Emotional Intelligence: Why it Can Matter More than IQ. Bantam Books, New York (1996)
Ishiguro H., Nishio S.: Building artificial humans to understand humans. J. Artificial Organs 10(3):133–142 (2007)
Hanson D.: Exploring the aesthetic range for humanoid robots. In: Proceedings of the Cognitive Science (CogSci 2006) Workshop on Android Science, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 16–20 (2006)
Zeng Z., Pantic M., Roisman G.I., Huang T.S.: A survey of affect recognition methods: audio, visual, and spontaneous expressions. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 31(1):39–58 (2009)
Miwa H., Itoh K., Matsumoto M. et al.: Effective emotional expressions with emotion expression humanoid robot WE-4RII. In: Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2004 (IROS 2004). Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference, pp. 2203–2208 (2004)
Arkin R., Fujita M., Takagi T., Hasekawa T.: An ethological and emotional basis for human–robot interaction. Robotics Autonomous Sys. 42(3–4):191–201 (2003)
Arkin R.: Homeostatic control for a mobile robot, dynamic replanning in hazardous environments. In: Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Mobile Robots, Cambridge, MA, pp. 240–249 (1988)
Canamero L., Fredslund J.: I show you how I like you – can you read it in my face? IEEE Trans. Sys. Man Cybernet. Part A: Sys. Humans 31(5):454–459 (2001)
Tomkins S.S.: Affect theory. In: Scherer K.R., Ekman P. (eds.) Approaches to Emotion, pp. 163–195. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ (1984)
Velasquez JD.: Modelling emotion-based decision-making. In: Proceedings of the 1998 AAAI Fall Symposium Emotional and Intelligent: The Tangled Knot of Cognition, Orlando, FL, pp. 164–169 (1998)
Breazeal C.: Affective interaction between humans and robots. In: Kelemen J., Sosk P. (eds.), Proceedings of the ECAL 01, pp. 582–591. Springer, Prague (2001)
Breazeal C.: Emotion and sociable humanoid robots. Int. J. Human Comp. Stud. 59(1–2):119–155 (2003)
MIT builds Nexi the emo robot. http://www.robotworldnews.com/100531.html (2008). Accessed April 4, 2008
Lazarus RS.: Emotion and Adaptation. Oxford University Press, New York (1991)
Plutchik R.: The Emotions. University Press of America (1991)
Ortony A., Turner W.: What’s basic about basic emotions? Psychological Rev. 97(3):315–331(1990)
Esau N., Wetzel E., Kleinjohann L., Kleinjohann B.: A fuzzy emotion model and its application in facial expression recognition. In: Proceedings of the ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE 2007) (2007)
Kosko B.: Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems: A Dynamical Systems Approach to Machine Intelligence. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1992)
Esau N., Wetzel E., Kleinjohann L., Kleinjohann B.: Real-time facial expression recognition using a fuzzy emotion model. In: Fuzzy Systems Conference, 2007 (FUZZ-IEEE 2007, pp. 1–6). IEEE International (2007)
Austermann A., Esau N., Kleinjohann B., Kleinjohann L.: Prosody based emotion recognition for MEXI, In: Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2005 (IROS 2005). Proceedings, 2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference, pp. 1138–1144 (2005)
Maslow A.: A theory of human motivation. Psychological Rev. 50: 370–396 (1943)
Esau N., Kleinjohann L., Kleinjohann B.: Emotional communication with the robot head MEXI. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Computer Vision (ICARCV 2006) (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Esau, N., Kleinjohann, L. (2011). Emotional Robot Competence and Its Use in Robot Behavior Control. In: Fukuda, S. (eds) Emotional Engineering. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-423-4_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-423-4_7
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84996-422-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-84996-423-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)