Abstract
Increased reliance on optimistic data replication has led to burgeoning interest in tools and frameworks for synchronizing disconnected updates to replicated data. We have implemented a generic synchronization framework, called Harmony, that can be used to build statebased synchronizers for a wide variety of tree-structured data formats. A novel feature of this framework is that the synchronization process—in particular, the recognition of conflicts—is driven by the schema of the structures being synchronized. We formalize Harmony’s synchronization algorithm, state a simple and intuitive specification, and illustrate how it can be used to synchronize trees representing a variety of specific forms of application data, including sets, records, and tuples.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Balasubramaniam, S., Pierce, B.C.: What is a file synchronizer? In: Fourth Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom 1998) (October 1998); Full version available as Indiana University CSCI technical report #507 (April 1998)
Bancilhon, F., Spyratos, N.: Update semantics of relational views. TODS 6(4), 557–575 (1981)
Beeri, C., Milo, T.: Schemas for integration and translation of structured and semi-structured data. In: Beeri, C., Bruneman, P. (eds.) ICDT 1999. LNCS, vol. 1540, pp. 296–313. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)
Chawathe, S.S., Rajamaran, A., Garcia-Molina, H., Widom, J.: Change detection in hierarchically structured information. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on the management of Data, Montreal, Quebec, pp. 493–504 (1996)
Doan, A., Domingos, P., Halevy, A.Y.: Reconciling schemas of disparate data sources: A machine-learning approach. In: SIGMOD Conference (2001)
Ekenstam, T., Matheny, C., Reiher, P.L., Popek, G.J.: The Bengal database replication system. Distributed and Parallel Databases 9(3), 187–210 (2001)
Foster, J.N., Greenwald, M.B., Moore, J.T., Pierce, B.C., Schmitt, A.: Combinators for bi-directional tree transformations: A linguistic approach to the view update problem. In: ACM SIGPLAN–SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL), Long Beach, California (2005)
Greenwald, M.B., Khanna, S., Kunal, K., Pierce, B.C., Schmitt, A.: Agreement is quicker than domination: Conflict resolution for optimistically replicated data. Submitted for publication; available electronically (2005)
Guy, R.G., Reiher, P.L., Ratner, D., Gunter, M., Ma, W., Popek, G.J.: Rumor: Mobile data access through optimistic peer-to-peer replication. In: Proceedings of the ER 1998 Workshop on Mobile Data Access, pp. 254–265 (1998)
Kermarrec, A.-M., Rowstron, A., Shapiro, M., Druschel, P.: The IceCube approach to the reconciliation of diverging replicas. In: Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM SIGACT-SIGOPS Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC 2001), Newport, Rhode Island, August 26-29 (2001)
Lanham, M., Kang, A., Hammer, J., Helal, A., Wilson, J.: Format-independent change detection and propoagation in support of mobile computing. In: Proceedings of the XVII Symposium on Databases (SBBD 2002), Gramado, Brazil, October 14-17, pp. 27–41 (2002)
Lindholm, T.: XML three-way merge as a reconciliation engine for mobile data. In: Proceedings of MobiDE 2003, San Diego, CA, September 19, pp. 93–97 (2003)
Madhavan, J., Bernstein, P.A., Rahm, E.: Generic schema matching with Cupid. The VLDB Journal, 49–58 (2001)
Milo, T., Zohar, S.: Using schema matching to simplify heterogeneous data translation. In: VLDB 1998 (1998)
Molli, P., Oster, G., Skaf-Molli, H., Imine, A.: Using the transformational approach to build a safe and generic data synchronizer. In: Proceedings of ACM Group 2003 Conference, Sanibel Island, Florida, November 9–12 (2003)
Page Jr., T.W., Guy, R.G., Heidemann, J.S., Ratner, D.H., Reiher, P.L., Goel, A., Kuenning, G.H., Popek, G.: Perspectives on optimistically replicated peer-to-peer filing. Software – Practice and Experience 11(1) (December 1997)
Rahm, E., Bernstein, P.A.: A survey of approaches to automatic schema matching. VLDB Journal 10(4), 334–350 (2001)
Ramsey, N., Csirmaz, E.: An algebraic approach to file synchronization. In: Proceedings of the 8th European Software Engineering Conference, pp. 175–185. ACM Press, New York (2001)
Reiher, P.L., Heidemann, J.S., Ratner, D., Skinner, G., Popek, G.J.: Resolving file conflicts in the ficus file system. In: USENIX Summer Conference Proceedings, pp. 183–195 (1994)
Richard, B., Nioclais, D.M., Chalon, D.: Clique: a transparent, peer-to-peer collaborative file sharing system. In: Chen, M.-S., Chrysanthis, P.K., Sloman, M., Zaslavsky, A. (eds.) MDM 2003. LNCS, vol. 2574, pp. 351–355. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Roundy, D.: The DARCS system (2004), http://abridgegame.org/darcs/
Saito, Y., Shapiro, M.: Replication: Optimistic approaches. Technical Report HPL-2002-33, HP Laboratories Palo Alto February 8 (2002)
Satyanarayanan, M., Kistler, J.J., Kumar, P., Okasaki, M.E., Siegel, E.H., Steere, D.C.: Coda: A highly available file system for a distributed workstation environment. IEEE Transactions on Computers C-39(4), 447–459 (1990)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Foster, J.N., Greenwald, M.B., Kirkegaard, C., Pierce, B.C., Schmitt, A. (2005). Exploiting Schemas in Data Synchronization. In: Bierman, G., Koch, C. (eds) Database Programming Languages. DBPL 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3774. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11601524_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11601524_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-30951-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-31445-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)