Abstract
A digital controller IC for the flyback converter with primary-side feedback is proposed. The controller is used for adapter charger or LED driver applications. To obtain high accuracy for the primary-side feedback, a digital primary-side sensing technology is adopted, which can auto-track the knee point of the primary auxiliary winding voltage. Furthermore, an internal digital compensator eliminates the need for external loop compensation components while achieving excellent line and load regulation. The controller could output both constant voltage and constant current depending on the load current. Pulse width modulation and pulse frequency modulation are used in constant voltage mode while quasi-resonant control is used in constant current mode. The digital controller is validated by using FPGA.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arbetter, B., Marksimovic, D., 1997. Feedforward pulse width modulators for switching power converters. IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 12(2):361–368. [doi:10.1109/63.558767]
Bryant, B., Kazimierczuk, M.K., 2005a. Open-loop power-stage transfer functions relevant to current-mode control of boost PWM converter operating in CCM. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I, 52(10):2158–2164. [doi:10.1109/TCSI.2005.852919]
Bryant, B., Kazimierczuk, M.K., 2005b. Modeling the closed-current loop of PWM DC-DC converters with peak current-mode control converter operating in CCM. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I, 52(11):2404–2412. [doi:10.1109/TCSI.2005.853904]
Bryant, B., Kazimierczuk, M.K., 2006. Voltage loop of boost PWM DC-DC converters with peak current-mode control. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I, 53(1):99–105. [doi:10.1109/TCSI.2005.854611]
Bryant, B., Kazimierczuk, M.K., 2007. Voltage-loop power-stage transfer functions with MOSFET delay for boost PWM converter operating in CCM. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 54(1):347–353. [doi:10.1109/TIE.2006.885136]
Calderone, L., Pinola, L., Varoli, V., 1992. Optimal feed-forward compensation for PWM DC/DC converters with ‘linear’ and ‘quadratic’ conversion ratio. IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 7(2):349–355. [doi:10.1109/63.136253]
Chang, C.W., Tzou, Y.Y., 2009. Primary-Side Sensing Error Analysis for Flyback Converters. IEEE 6th Int. Power Electronics and Motion Control Conf., p.524–528. [doi:10.1109/IPEMC.2009.5157443]
Chang, C.W., Lin, Y.T., Tzou, Y., 2009. Digital Primary-Side Sensing Control for Flyback Converters. Int. Conf. on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, p.689–694. [doi:10.1109/PEDS.2009.5385927]
Erickson, R.W., Maksimovic, D., 2001. Fundamentals of Power Electronics. Kluwer Academic Publishers, USA.
Kang, S.H., Maksimovic, D., 2012. Simplified Sensing and AD Conversion for Digitally Controlled Flyback DC-DC Converters with On-line Efficiency Optimization. 27th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conf. and Exposition, p.1075–1082. [doi:10.1109/APEC.2012.6165952]
Kazimierczuk, M.K., 2008. Pulse-Width Modulated DC-DC Power Converters. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [doi:10.1002/9780470694640]
Kazimierczuk, M.K., Massarini, A., 1997. Feedforward control of DC-DC PWM boost converter. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I, 44(2):143–148. [doi:10.1109/81.554332]
Kazimierczuk, M.K., Starman, L.A., 1999. Dynamic performance of PWM DC-DC boost converter with input voltage feedforward control. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I, 46(12):1473–1481. [doi:10.1109/81.809549]
Kondrath, N., Kazimierczuk, M.K., 2010. Control current and relative stability of peak current-mode controlled PWM DC-DC converters without slope compensation. IET Power Electron., 3(6):936–946. [doi:10.1049/iet-pel.2009.0352]
Kondrath, N., Kazimierczuk, M.K., 2011. Control-to-output transfer function of peak current-mode controlled PWM DC-DC boost converter in CCM. Electron. Lett., 47(17): 991–993. [doi:10.1049/el.2011.1011]
Kondrath, N., Kazimierczuk, M.K., 2012. Comparison of wide and high frequency duty ratio to inductor current transfer functions of DC-DC PWM buck converter in CCM. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 59(1):641–643. [doi:10.1109/TIE.2011.2134053]
Lin, L., Qiu, J.P., He, L.N., 2011. Compensator Design for Digital Controlled Switched-Mode Power Supplies. IEEE 9th Int. Conf. on ASIC, p.982–985. [doi:10.1109/ASICON.2011.6157371]
Murthy, D., Kazimierczuk, M.K., 2005. Performance Evaluation of Flyback Converter. Proc. Electrical Insulation Conf. and Electrical Manufacturing Expo, p.408–416. [doi:10.1109/EEIC.2005.1566329]
Peterchev, A.V., Xiao, J., Sanders, S.R., 2003. Architecture and IC implementation of a digital VRM controller. IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 18(1):356–364. [doi:10.1109/TPEL.2002.807099]
Sayani, M.P., White, R.V., Nason, D.G., Taylor, W.A., 1988. Isolated Feedback for Off-Line Switching Sower Supply with Primary Side Control. Third Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conf. and Exposition, p.203–211. [doi:10.1109/APEC.1988.10567]
Syed, A., Ahmed, E., Maksimovic, D., Alarcon, E., 2004. Digital Pulse Width Modulator Architectures. IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conf., p.4689–4695. [doi:10.1109/PESC.2004.1354828]
Weimer, J.A., Kazimierczuk, M.K., Massarini, A., Cravens, R.C.II, 1999. Feed-Forward Control of Aircraft Bus DC Boost Converter. US Patent 5 982 156.
Xiao, J., Wu, J., Li, W., He, X., 2009. Primary-Side Controlled Flyback Converter with Current Compensation in Micro-power Applications. IEEE 6th Int. Power Electronics and Motion Control Conf., p.1361–1366. [doi:10.1109/IPEMC.2009.5157596]
Zhang, J.F., Shteynberg, A., Zhou, D., McCreary, J., 2005. A Novel Multimode Digital Control Approach for Single-Stage Flyback Power Supplies with Power Factor Correction and Fast Output Voltage Regulation. 20th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conf. and Exposition, p.830–836. [doi:10.1109/APEC.2005.1453076]
Zhang, J.M., Zeng, H.L., Jiang, T., 2012. A primary side control scheme for high power factor LED driver with triac diming capability. IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 27(11): 4619–4629. [doi:10.1109/TPEL.2012.2187341]
Zhang, X., Maksimovic, D., 2010. Multimode digital controller for synchronous buck converters operating over wide ranges of input voltages and load currents. IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 25(8):1958–1965. [doi:10.1109/TPEL.2010.2043959]
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Qiu, Jp., He, Ln. & Wang, Yl. A multimode digital controller IC for flyback converter with high accuracy primary-side feedback. J. Zhejiang Univ. - Sci. C 14, 652–662 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.C1200344
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.C1200344
Key words
- Multimode
- Digital control
- Primary-side sensing
- Quasi-resonant control
- Constant voltage (CV)
- Constant current (CC)
- LED driver