Review of optical tweezers in vacuum

• Ahn J, Xu ZJ, Bang J, et al., 2018. Optically levitated nanodumbbell torsion balance and GHz nanomechanical rotor. Phys Rev Lett, 121:033603. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.033603

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Appel J, Windpassinger PJ, Oblak D, et al., 2009. Mesoscopic atomic entanglement for precision measurements beyond the standard quantum limit. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA, 106(27):10960–10965. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901550106

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Arita Y, Mazilu M, Dholakia K, et al., 2013. Laser-induced rotation and cooling of a trapped microgyroscope in vacuum. Nat Commun, 4:2374. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3374

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Arita Y, Chen MZ, Wright EM, et al., 2017. Dynamics of a levitated microparticle in vacuum trapped by a perfect vortex beam: three-dimensional motion around a complex optical potential. J Opt Soc Am B, 34(6):C14–C19. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.34.000C14

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Ashkin A, 1970. Acceleration and trapping of particles by radiation pressure. Phys Rev Lett, 24(4):156–159. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.24.156

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Ashkin A, 1992. Forces of a single-beam gradient laser trap on a dielectric sphere in the ray optics regime. Biophys J, 61(2):569–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(92)81860-X

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Ashkin A, 2000. History of optical trapping and manipulation of small-neutral particle, atoms, and molecules. IEEE J Sel Top Quant Electron, 6(6):841–856. https://doi.org/10.1109/2944.902132

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Ashkin A, Dziedzic JM, 1971. Optical levitation by radiation pressure. Appl Phys Lett, 19(8):283–285. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1653919

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Ashkin A, Dziedzic JM, 1976. Optical levitation in high vacuum. Appl Phys Lett, 28(6):333–335. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.88748

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Ashkin A, Dziedzic JM, 1977. Feedback stabilization of optically levitated particles. Appl Phys Lett, 30(4):202–204. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.89335

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Ashkin A, Dziedzic JM, Bjorkholm JE, et al., 1986. Observation of a single-beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles. Opt Lett, 11(5):288–290. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.11.000288

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Ashkin A, Schütze K, Dziedzic JM, et al., 1990. Force generation of organelle transport measure. in vivo by an infrared laser trap. Nature, 348(6299):346–348. https://doi.org/10.1038/348346a0

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Barker PF, 2010. Doppler cooling a microsphere. Phys Rev Lett, 105:073002. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.073002

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Block SM, Goldstein LSB, Schnapp BJ, 1990. Bead movement by single kinesin molecules studied with optical tweezers. Nature, 348(6299):348–352. https://doi.org/10.1038/348348a0

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Bohren CF, Huffman DR, 1983. Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

  Google Scholar 

• Braginskiĭ VB, Manukin AB, 1967. Ponderomotive effects of electromagnetic radiation. Sov Phys J Exper Theor Phys, 25(4):653–655.

  Google Scholar 

• Braginskiĭ VB, Manukin AB, Tikhonov MY, 1970. Investigation of dissipative ponderomotive effects of electromagnetic radiation. Sov J Exp Theor Phys, 31:829.

  Google Scholar 

• Bui AAM, Stilgoe AB, Lenton ICD, et al., 2017. Theory and practice of simulation of optical tweezers. J Quant Spectrosc Rad Transf 195:66–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.12.026

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Bustamante C, Erie DA, Keller D, 1994. Biochemical and structural applications of scanning force microscopy. Curr Opin Struct Biol, 4(5):750–760. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-440X(94)90175-9

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Butts DLG, 2008. Development of a Light Force Accelerometer. MS Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, USA.

  Google Scholar 

• Callegari A, Mijalkov M, Gököz AB, et al., 2015. Computational toolbox for optical tweezers in geometrical optics. J Opt Soc Am B, 32:B11–B19. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.32.000B11

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Català F, Marsà F, Montes-Usategui M, et al., 2017. Influence of experimental parameters on the laser heating of an optical trap. Sci Rep, 7(1):16052. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15904-6

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Chan J, Alegre TP, Safavi-Naeini AH, et al, 2011. Laser cooling of a nanomechanical oscillator into its quantum ground state. Nature, 478(7367):89–92. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10461

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Chang DE, Regal CA, Papp SB, et al., 2010. Cavity opto-mechanics using an optically levitated nanosphere. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA, 107(3):1005–1010. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912969107

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Chang YR, Hsu L, Chi S, 2006. Optical trapping of a spherically symmetric sphere in the ray-optics regime: a model for optical tweezers upon cells. Appl Opt, 45(16):3885–3892. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.45.003885

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Chen MZ, Mazilu M, Arita Y, et al., 2013. Dynamics of microparticles trapped in a perfect vortex beam. Opt Lett, 38(22):4919–4922. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.38.004919

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Chen MZ, Mazilu M, Arita Y, et al., 2014. Optical trapping with a perfect vortex beam. In: Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation XI. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 9164:91640K.

  Google Scholar 

• Chen MZ, Mazilu M, Arita Y, et al., 2015. Creating and probing of a perfect vortex in situ with an optically trapped particle. Opt Rev, 22(1):162–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-015-0031-7

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Chu S, Hollberg L, Bjorkholm JE, et al., 1985. Three-dimensional viscous confinement and cooling of atoms by resonance radiation pressure. Phys Rev Lett, 55(1):48–51. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.48

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Ciminelli C, Conteduca D, Dell’Olio F, et al., 2017. Photonic, plasmonic and hybrid nanotweezers for single nanoparticle trapping and manipulation. 19^th Int Conf on Transparent Optical Networks.

• Clercx HJH, Schram PPJM, 1992. Brownian particles in shear flow and harmonic potentials: a study of long-time tails. Phys Rev A, 46(4):1942–1950. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.46.1942

  Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

• Cohadon PF, Heidmann A, Pinard M, 1999. Cooling of a mirror by radiation pressure. Phys Rev Lett, 83(16):3174–3177. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3174

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Cohen L, 1998. The generalization of the Wiener-Khinchin theorem. Proc IEEE Int Conf on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, p.1577–1580. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.1998.681753

• Corbitt T, Chen YB, Innerhofer E, et al., 2007. An all-optical trap for a gram-scale mirror. Phys Rev Lett, 98:150802. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.150802

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Davis KB, Mewes M, Andrews MR, et al., 1995. Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms. Phys Rev Lett, 75(22):3969–3973. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.3969

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Diehl R, Hebestreit E, René R, et al., 2018. Optical levitation and feedback cooling of a nanoparticle at subwavelength distances from a membrane. Phys Rev A, 98(1):013851. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.98.013851

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Dienerowitz M, Mazilu M, Dholakia K, et al., 2008. Optical manipulation of nanoparticles: a review. J Nanophoton, 2:21875. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2992045

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Fu ZH, She X, Li N, et al., 2018a. A chip of pulse-laserassisted dual-beam fiber-optic trap. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symp, p.86–91. https://doi.org/10.23919/PIERS.2018.8597625

• Fu ZH, She X, Li N, et al., 2018b. Launch and capture of a single particle in a pulse-laser-assisted dual-beam fiberoptic trap. Opt Commun, 417:103–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2018.02.040

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Genes C, Vitali D, Tombesi P, et al., 2008. Ground-state cooling of a micromechanical oscillator: comparing cold damping and cavity-assisted cooling schemes. Phys Rev A, 77(3):033804. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.77.033804

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Geraci AA, Smullin SJ, Weld DM, et al., 2008. Improved constraints on non-Newtonian forces at 10 microns. Phys Rev D, 78:022002. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.78.022002

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Geraci AA, Papp SB, Kitching J, 2010. Short-range force detection using optically cooled levitated microspheres. Phys Rev Lett, 105:101101. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.101101

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Gieseler J, 2014. Dynamics of Optically Levitated Nanoparticles in High Vacuum. PhD Thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya.

• Gieseler J, Deutsch B, Quidant R, et al., 2012. Subkelvin parametric feedback cooling of a laser-trapped nanoparticle. Phys Rev Lett, 109(10):103603. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.103603

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Gieseler J, Novotny L, Quidant R, 2013. Thermal nonlinearities in a nanomechanical oscillator. Nat Phys, 9(12):806–810. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2798

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Gong ZY, Pan YL, Videen G, et al., 2018. Optical trapping and manipulation of single particles in air: principles, technical details, and applications. J Quant Spectrosc Rad Transf, 214:94–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2018.04.027

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Gouesbet G, 2010. T-matrix formulation and generalized Lorenz-Mie theories in spherical coordinates. Opt Commun, 283(4):517–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2009.10.092

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Gouesbet G, 2019. Generalized Lorenz-Mie theories and mechanical effects of laser light, on the occasion of Arthur Ashkin’s receipt on the 2018 Nobel prize in physics for his pioneering work in optical levitation and manipulation: a review. J Quant Spectros Rad Transf, 225:258–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2018.12.015

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Gouesbet G, Gréhan G, 2017. Special cases of axisymmetric and Gaussian beams. In: Generalized Lorenz-Mie Theories (2^nd Ed.). Springer, Cham, p.268–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46873-0_6

  Chapter  MATH  Google Scholar 

• Gouesbet G, Lock JA, 2015. On the electromagnetic scattering of arbitrary shaped beams by arbitrary shaped particles: a review. J Quant Spectrosc Rad Transf, 162:31–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjqsrt.2014.11.017

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Gouesbet G, Maheu B, Gréhan G, 1988. Light scattering from a sphere arbitrarily located in a Gaussian beam, using a Bromwich formulation. J Opt Soc Am A, 5(9):1427–1443. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.5.001427

  Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

• Grass D, 2013. Optical Trapping and Transport of Nanoparticles with Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fibers. MS Thesis, University of Vienna.

• Grier DG, 2003. A revolution in optical manipulation. Nature, 424(6950):810–816. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01935

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Gröeblacher S, Gigan S, Böehm HR, et al., 2008. Radiation-pressure self-cooling of a micromirror in a cryogenic environment. Europhys Lett, 81(5):54003. https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/81/54003

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Hänsch TW, Schawlow AL, 1975. Cooling of gases by laser radiation. Opt Commun, 13(1):68–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(75)90159-5

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Harada Y, Asakura T, 1996. Radiation forces on a dielectric sphere in the Rayleigh scattering regime. Opt Comm, 124(5–6):529–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(95)00753-9

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Hebestreit E, Frimmer M, Reimann R, et al., 2018. Measuring gravity with optically levitated nanoparticles. Advanced Photonics Congress. https://doi.org/10.1364/NOMA.2018.NoTu4J.2

• Hoang TM, Ahn J, Bang J, et al., 2016. Electron spin control of optically levitated nanodiamonds in vacuum. Nat Commun, 7:12250. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12250

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Jain V, Gieseler J, Moritz C, et al., 2016a. Direct measurement of photon recoil from a levitated nanoparticle. Phys Rev Lett, 116(24):243601. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.243601

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Jain V, Tebbenjohanns F, Novotny L, 2016b. Microkelvin control of an optically levitated nanoparticle. Front Opt. https://doi.org/10.1364/FIO.2016.FF5B.2

• Juan ML, Righini M, Quidant R, 2011. Plasmon nano-optical tweezers. Nat Photon, 5(6):349–356. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2011.56

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Kajorndejnukul V, Ding WQ, Sukhov S, et al., 2013. Linear momentum increase and negative optical forces at dielectric interface. Nat Photon, 7(10):787–790. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2013.192

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Kapner DJ, Cook TS, Adelberger EG, et al., 2007. Tests of the gravitational inverse-square law below the dark-energy length scale. Phys Rev Lett, 98(2):021101. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.021101

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Kepler J, 1619. De cometis libelli tres, typis Andreae Apergeri, sumptibus Sebastiani Mylii bibliopolae augustani. Avgvstae Vindelicorum.

• Kiesel N, Blaser F, Delić U, et al., 2013. Cavity cooling of an optically levitated submicron particle. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA, 110(35):14180–14185. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1309167110

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Kirstine BS, Henrik F, 2004. Power spectrum analysis for optical tweezers. Rev Sci Instrum, 75(3):594–612. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1645654

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Lebedev P 1901. Untersuchungen über die druckkräfte des lichtes. Ann Phys, 6:433–458 (in German).

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Lett PD, Watts RN, Westbrook CI, et al., 1988. Observation of atoms laser cooled below the Doppler limit. Phys Rev Lett, 61(2):169–172. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.169

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Li TC, 2013. Fundamental Tests of Physics with Optically Trapped Microspheres. Springer Science & Business Media, New York.

  Book  Google Scholar 

• Li TC, Kheifets S, Medellin D, et al., 2010. Measurement of the instantaneous velocity of a Brownian particle. Science, 328(5986):1673–1675. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1189403

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Li TC, Kheifets S, Raizen MG, 2011. Millikelvin cooling of an optically trapped microsphere in vacuum. Nat Phys, 7(7):527–530. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1952

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Loke VLY, Nieminen TA, Heckenberg NR, et al., 2001. T-matrix calculation via discrete dipole approximation, point matching and exploiting symmetry. J Quant Spectrosc Rad Transf, 110(14–16):1460–1471. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjqsrt.2009.01.013

  Google Scholar 

• Ludlow AD, Boyd MM, Ye J, et al., 2015. Optical atomic clocks. Rev Mod Phys, 87(2):637–701. https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.87.637

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Mackowski DW, 2002. Discrete dipole moment method for calculation of th. T matrix for nonspherical particles. J Opt Soc Am A, 19(5):881–893. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.19.000881

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Mao H, Arias-Gonzalez JR, Smith SB, et al, 2005. Temperature control methods in a laser tweezers system. Biophys J, 89(2):1308–1316. https://doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.104.054536

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Maragò OM, Jones PH, Gucciardi P, et al., 2013. Optical trapping and manipulation of nanostructures. Nat Nanotechnol, 8(11):807–819. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.208

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Marquardt F, Chen JP, Clerk AA, et al., 2007. Quantum theory of cavity-assisted sideband cooling of mechanical motion. Phys Rev Lett, 99:093902. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.093902

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Mazilu M, Arita Y, Vettenburg T, et al., 2016. Orbital-angular-momentum transfer to optically levitated micro-particles in vacuum. Phys Rev A, 94(5):053821. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.94.053821

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Mestres P, Berthelot J, Spasenović M, et al., 2015. Cooling and manipulation of a levitated nanoparticle with an optical fiber trap. Appl Phys Lett, 107(15):151102. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4933180

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Miao HX, Srinivasan K, Aksyuk V, 2012. A microelectromechanically controlled cavity optomechanical sensing system. New J Phys, 14:075015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/14/7/075015

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Millen J, Deesuwan T, Barker P, et al., 2014. Nanoscale temperature measurements using non-equilibrium Brownian dynamics of a levitated nanosphere. Nat Nanotechnol, 9(6):425–429. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.82

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Monteiro F, Ghosh S, Fine AG, et al., 2017. Optical levitation of 10-ng spheres with nano-g acceleration sensitivity. Phys Rev A, 96:063841. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.96.063841

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Moore DC, Rider AD, Gratta G, 2014. Search for millicharged particles using optically levitated microspheres. Phys Rev Lett, 113(25):251801. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.251801

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Moser J, Güttinger J, Eichler A, et al., 2013. Ultrasensitive force detection with a nanotube mechanical resonator. Nat Nanotechnol, 8(7):493–496. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.97

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Neuman KC, Block SM, 2004. Optical trapping. Rev Sci Instrum, 75(9):2787–2809. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1785844

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Nichols EF, Hull GF, 1903. The pressure due to radiation. Astrophys J, 17(5):315–351. https://doi.org/10.1086/141035

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Nieminen TA, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H, Heckenberg NR, 2003a. Calculation of the T-matrix: general considerations and application of the point-matching method. J Quant Spectrosc Rad Transf, 79–80:1019–1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4073(02)00336-9

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Nieminen TA, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H, Heckenberg NR, 2003b. Multipole expansion of strongly focussed laser beams. J Quant Spectrosc Rad Transf, 79–80:1005–1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4073(02)00335-7

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Nieminen TA, Loke VLY, Stilgoe AB, et al., 2007. Optical tweezers computational toolbox. J Opt A, 9(8):S196–S203. https://doi.org/10.1088/1464-4258/9/8/S12

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Nieminen TA, Du Preez-Wilkinson N, Stilgoe AB, et al., 2014. Optical tweezers: theory and modelling. J Quant Spectrosc Rad Transf, 146:59–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.04.003

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Ostrovsky AS, Rickenstorff-Parrao C, Víctor A, 2013. Generation of the “perfect” optical vortex using a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator. Opt Lett, 38(4):534–536. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.38.000534

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Park YS, Wang HL, 2009. Resolved-sideband and cryogenic cooling of an optomechanical resonator. Nay Phys, 5:489–493. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1303

  Google Scholar 

• Peterman EJG, Gittes F, Schmidt CF, 2003. Laser-induced heating in optical traps. Biophys J, 84(2):1308–1316. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74946-7

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Peters A, Chung KY, Chu S, 2001. High-precision gravity measurements using atom interferometry. Metrologia, 38(1):25–61. https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/38/1/4

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Polimeno P, Magazzù A, Iatì MA, et al., 2018. Optical tweezers and their applications. J Quant Spectrosc Rad Transf, 218:131–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2018.07.013

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Ranjit G, Atherton DP, Stutz JH, et al., 2015. Attonewton force detection using microspheres in a dual-beam optical trap in high vacuum. Phys Rev A, 91(5):051805. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.91.051805

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Ranjit G, Cunningham M, Casey K, et al., 2016. Zeptonewton force sensing with nanospheres in an optical lattice. Phys Rev A, 93(5):053801. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.93.053801

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Reimann R, Doderer M, Hebestreit E, et al., 2018. GHz rotation of an optically trapped nanoparticle in vacuum. Phys Rev Lett, 121(3):033602. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.033602

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Ren KF, Gréhan G, Gouesbet G, 1996. Prediction of reverse radiation pressure by generalized Lorenz-Mie theory. Appl Opt, 35(15):2702–2710. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.35.002702

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Rider AD, Blakemore CP, Gratta GG, et al., 2018. Single-beam dielectric-microsphere trapping with optical heterodyne detection. Phys Rev A, 97:013842. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.97.013842

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Rocheleau T, Ndukum T, Macklin C, et al., 2010. Preparation and detection of a mechanical resonator near the ground state of motion. Nature, 463(7277):72–75. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08681

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Romero-Isart O, Pflanzer AC, Juan ML, et al., 2011. Optically levitating dielectrics in the quantum regime: theory and protocols. Phys Rev A, 83:013803. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.83.013803

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Romero-Isart O, Clemente L, Navau C, et al., 2012. Quantum magnetomechanics with levitating superconducting microspheres. Phys Rev Lett, 109(14):147205. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.147205

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Rugar D, Budakian R, Mamin HJ, et al., 2004. Single spin detection by magnetic resonance force microscopy. Nature, 430(6997):329–332. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02658

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Skelton SE, Sergides M, Memoli G, et al., 2012. Trapping and deformation of microbubbles in a dual-beam fibre-optic trap. J Opt, 14(7):075706. https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/14/7/075706

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Sukhov S, Dogariu A, 2017. Non-conservative optical forces. Rep Prog Phys, 80(11):112001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aa834e

  Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

• Summers MD, Burnham DR, McGloin D, 2008. Trapping solid aerosols with optical tweezers: a comparison between gas and liquid phase optical traps. Opt Expr, 16(11):7739–7747. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.16.007739

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Swartzlander GAJr, Peterson TJ, Artusio-Glimpse A, et al., 2010. Stable optical lift. Nat Photon, 5(1):48–51. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2010.266

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Teufel JD, Donner T, Li DL, et al, 2011. Sideband cooling of micromechanical motion to the quantum ground state. Nature, 475(7356):359–363. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10261

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Torki A, 2016. Mechanical Transfer of Optically Trapped Nanoparticle. MS Thesis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology.

• Townes CH, 1999. How the Laser Happened: Adventures of a Scientist. Oxford University Press, New York

  Google Scholar 

• Vovrosh J, Rashid M, Hempston D, et al., 2017. Parametric feedback cooling of levitated optomechanics in a parabolic mirror trap. J Opt Soc Am B, 34(7):1421–1428. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.34.001421

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Waterman PC, 1965. Matrix for mulation of electromagnetic scattering. Proc IEEE, 53(8):805–812. https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1965.4058

  Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

• Waterman PC, 1971. Symmetry, unitarity, and geometry in electromagnetic scattering. Phys Rev D, 3:825–839. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.3.825

  Article  Google Scholar 

• White DA, 2000. Numerical modeling of optical gradient traps using the vector finite element method. J Comput Phys, 159:13–37. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcph.2000.6422

  Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

• Wineland DJ, Dehmelt H, 1975. Proposed 10¹⁴Δv<v laser fluorescence spectroscopy on Tl⁺ mono-ion oscillator. Am Phys Soc, 20:637.

  Google Scholar 

• Wright WH, Sonek GJ, Berns MW, 1994. Parametric study of the forces on microspheres held by optical tweezers. Appl Opt, 33(9):1735–1748. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.33.001735

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Yin ZQ, Geraci AA, Li TC, 2013. Optomechanics of levitated dielectric particles. Int J Mod Phys B, 27(26):1330018. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217979213300181

  Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references