<img>: The Image Embed element
Baseline Widely available
This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since July 2015.
The <img>
HTML element embeds an image into the document.
Try it
The above example shows usage of the <img>
element:
- The
src
attribute is required, and contains the path to the image you want to embed. - The
alt
attribute holds a textual replacement for the image, which is mandatory and incredibly useful for accessibility — screen readers read the attribute value out to their users so they know what the image means. Alt text is also displayed on the page if the image can't be loaded for some reason: for example, network errors, content blocking, or linkrot.
There are many other attributes to achieve various purposes:
- Referrer/CORS control for security and privacy: see
crossorigin
andreferrerpolicy
. - Use both
width
andheight
to set the intrinsic size of the image, allowing it to take up space before it loads, to mitigate content layout shifts. - Responsive image hints with
sizes
andsrcset
(see also the<picture>
element and our Responsive images tutorial).
Supported image formats
The HTML standard doesn't list what image formats to support, so user agents may support different formats.
Note: The Image file type and format guide provides comprehensive information about image formats and their web browser support. This section is just a summary!
The image file formats that are most commonly used on the web are:
- APNG (Animated Portable Network Graphics) — Good choice for lossless animation sequences (GIF is less performant)
- AVIF (AV1 Image File Format) — Good choice for both images and animated images due to high performance.
- GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) — Good choice for simple images and animations.
- JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group image) — Good choice for lossy compression of still images (currently the most popular).
- PNG (Portable Network Graphics) — Good choice for lossless compression of still images (slightly better quality than JPEG).
- SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) — Vector image format. Use for images that must be drawn accurately at different sizes.
- WebP (Web Picture format) — Excellent choice for both images and animated images
Formats like WebP and AVIF are recommended as they perform much better than PNG, JPEG, GIF for both still and animated images.
SVG remains the recommended format for images that must be drawn accurately at different sizes.
Image loading errors
If an error occurs while loading or rendering an image, and an onerror
event handler has been set for the error
event, that event handler will get called. This can happen in several situations, including:
- The
src
attribute is empty (""
) ornull
. - The
src
URL is the same as the URL of the page the user is currently on. - The image is corrupted in some way that prevents it from being loaded.
- The image's metadata is corrupted in such a way that it's impossible to retrieve its dimensions, and no dimensions were specified in the
<img>
element's attributes. - The image is in a format not supported by the user agent.
Attributes
This element includes the global attributes.
alt
-
Defines text that can replace the image in the page.
Note: Browsers do not always display images. There are a number of situations in which a browser might not display images, such as:
- Non-visual browsers (such as those used by people with visual impairments)
- The user chooses not to display images (saving bandwidth, privacy reasons)
- The image is invalid or an unsupported type
In these cases, the browser may replace the image with the text in the element's
alt
attribute. For these reasons and others, provide a useful value foralt
whenever possible.Setting this attribute to an empty string (
alt=""
) indicates that this image is not a key part of the content (it's decoration or a tracking pixel), and that non-visual browsers may omit it from rendering. Visual browsers will also hide the broken image icon if thealt
attribute is empty and the image failed to display.This attribute is also used when copying and pasting the image to text, or saving a linked image to a bookmark.
attributionsrc
Experimental-
specifies that you want the browser to send an
Attribution-Reporting-Eligible
header along with the image request.On the server-side this is used to trigger sending an
Attribution-Reporting-Register-Source
orAttribution-Reporting-Register-Trigger
header in the response, to register an image-based attribution source or attribution trigger, respectively. Which response header should be sent back depends on the value of theAttribution-Reporting-Eligible
header that triggered the registration.The corresponding source or trigger event is set off once the browser receives the response containing the image file.
Note: See the Attribution Reporting API for more details.
There are two versions of this attribute that you can set:
- Boolean, i.e. just the
attributionsrc
name. This specifies that you want theAttribution-Reporting-Eligible
header sent to the same server as thesrc
attribute points to. This is fine when you are handling the attribution source or trigger registration on the same server. When registering an attribution trigger this property is optional, and a boolean value will be used if it is omitted. - Value containing one or more URLs, for example:
html<img src="image-file.png" alt="My image file description" attributionsrc="https://a.example/register-source https://b.example/register-source" />
This is useful in cases where the requested resource is not on a server you control, or you just want to handle registering the attribution source on a different server. In this case, you can specify one or more URLs as the value of
attributionsrc
. When the resource request occurs theAttribution-Reporting-Eligible
header will be sent to the URL(s) specified inattributionSrc
in addition to the resource origin. These URLs can then respond with aAttribution-Reporting-Register-Source
orAttribution-Reporting-Register-Trigger
header as appropriate to complete registration.Note: Specifying multiple URLs means that multiple attribution sources can be registered on the same feature. You might for example have different campaigns that you are trying to measure the success of, which involve generating different reports on different data.
- Boolean, i.e. just the
crossorigin
-
Indicates if the fetching of the image must be done using a CORS request. Image data from a CORS-enabled image returned from a CORS request can be reused in the
<canvas>
element without being marked "tainted".If the
crossorigin
attribute is not specified, then a non-CORS request is sent (without theOrigin
request header), and the browser marks the image as tainted and restricts access to its image data, preventing its usage in<canvas>
elements.If the
crossorigin
attribute is specified, then a CORS request is sent (with theOrigin
request header); but if the server does not opt into allowing cross-origin access to the image data by the origin site (by not sending anyAccess-Control-Allow-Origin
response header, or by not including the site's origin in anyAccess-Control-Allow-Origin
response header it does send), then the browser blocks the image from loading, and logs a CORS error to the devtools console.Allowed values:
anonymous
-
A CORS request is sent with credentials omitted (that is, no cookies, X.509 certificates, or
Authorization
request header). use-credentials
-
The CORS request is sent with any credentials included (that is, cookies, X.509 certificates, and the
Authorization
request header). If the server does not opt into sharing credentials with the origin site (by sending back theAccess-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
response header), then the browser marks the image as tainted and restricts access to its image data.
If the attribute has an invalid value, browsers handle it as if the
anonymous
value was used. See CORS settings attributes for additional information. decoding
-
This attribute provides a hint to the browser as to whether it should perform image decoding along with rendering the other DOM content in a single presentation step that looks more "correct" (
sync
), or render and present the other DOM content first and then decode the image and present it later (async
). In practice,async
means that the next paint does not wait for the image to decode.It is often difficult to perceive any noticeable effect when using
decoding
on static<img>
elements. They'll likely be initially rendered as empty images while the image files are fetched (either from the network or from the cache) and then handled independently anyway, so the "syncing" of content updates is less apparent. However, the blocking of rendering while decoding happens, while often quite small, can be measured — even if it is difficult to observe with the human eye. See What does the image decoding attribute actually do? for a more detailed analysis (tunetheweb.com, 2023).Using different
decoding
types can result in more noticeable differences when dynamically inserting<img>
elements into the DOM via JavaScript — seeHTMLImageElement.decoding
for more details.Allowed values:
sync
-
Decode the image synchronously along with rendering the other DOM content, and present everything together.
async
-
Decode the image asynchronously, after rendering and presenting the other DOM content.
auto
-
No preference for the decoding mode; the browser decides what is best for the user. This is the default value.
elementtiming
-
Marks the image for observation by the
PerformanceElementTiming
API. The value given becomes an identifier for the observed image element. See also theelementtiming
attribute page. fetchpriority
-
Provides a hint of the relative priority to use when fetching the image. Allowed values:
height
-
The intrinsic height of the image, in pixels. Must be an integer without a unit.
Note: Including
height
andwidth
enables the aspect ratio of the image to be calculated by the browser prior to the image being loaded. This aspect ratio is used to reserve the space needed to display the image, reducing or even preventing a layout shift when the image is downloaded and painted to the screen. Reducing layout shift is a major component of good user experience and web performance. ismap
-
This Boolean attribute indicates that the image is part of a server-side map. If so, the coordinates where the user clicked on the image are sent to the server.
loading
-
Indicates how the browser should load the image:
eager
-
Loads the image immediately, regardless of whether or not the image is currently within the visible viewport (this is the default value).
lazy
-
Defers loading the image until it reaches a calculated distance from the viewport, as defined by the browser. The intent is to avoid the network and storage bandwidth needed to handle the image until it's reasonably certain that it will be needed. This generally improves the performance of the content in most typical use cases.
Note: Loading is only deferred when JavaScript is enabled. This is an anti-tracking measure, because if a user agent supported lazy loading when scripting is disabled, it would still be possible for a site to track a user's approximate scroll position throughout a session, by strategically placing images in a page's markup such that a server can track how many images are requested and when.
Note: Images with
loading
set tolazy
will never be loaded if they do not intersect a visible part of an element, even if loading them would change that as unloaded images have awidth
andheight
of0
. Puttingwidth
andheight
on lazyloaded images fixes this issue and is a best practice, recommended by the specification. Doing so also helps prevent layout shifts. referrerpolicy
-
A string indicating which referrer to use when fetching the resource:
no-referrer
: TheReferer
header will not be sent.no-referrer-when-downgrade
: TheReferer
header will not be sent to origins without TLS (HTTPS).origin
: The sent referrer will be limited to the origin of the referring page: its scheme, host, and port.origin-when-cross-origin
: The referrer sent to other origins will be limited to the scheme, the host, and the port. Navigations on the same origin will still include the path.same-origin
: A referrer will be sent for same origin, but cross-origin requests will contain no referrer information.strict-origin
: Only send the origin of the document as the referrer when the protocol security level stays the same (HTTPS→HTTPS), but don't send it to a less secure destination (HTTPS→HTTP).strict-origin-when-cross-origin
(default): Send a full URL when performing a same-origin request, only send the origin when the protocol security level stays the same (HTTPS→HTTPS), and send no header to a less secure destination (HTTPS→HTTP).unsafe-url
: The referrer will include the origin and the path (but not the fragment, password, or username). This value is unsafe, because it leaks origins and paths from TLS-protected resources to insecure origins.
sizes
-
One or more strings separated by commas, indicating a set of source sizes. Each source size consists of:
- A media condition. This must be omitted for the last item in the list.
- A source size value.
Media Conditions describe properties of the viewport, not of the image. For example,
(max-height: 500px) 1000px
proposes to use a source of 1000px width, if the viewport is not higher than 500px.Source size values specify the intended display size of the image. User agents use the current source size to select one of the sources supplied by the
srcset
attribute, when those sources are described using width (w
) descriptors. The selected source size affects the intrinsic size of the image (the image's display size if no CSS styling is applied). If thesrcset
attribute is absent, or contains no values with a width descriptor, then thesizes
attribute has no effect. src
-
The image URL. Mandatory for the
<img>
element. On browsers supportingsrcset
,src
is treated like a candidate image with a pixel density descriptor1x
, unless an image with this pixel density descriptor is already defined insrcset
, or unlesssrcset
containsw
descriptors. srcset
-
One or more strings separated by commas, indicating possible image sources for the user agent to use. Each string is composed of:
- A URL to an image
- Optionally, whitespace followed by one of:
- A width descriptor (a positive integer directly followed by
w
). The width descriptor is divided by the source size given in thesizes
attribute to calculate the effective pixel density. - A pixel density descriptor (a positive floating point number directly followed by
x
).
- A width descriptor (a positive integer directly followed by
If no descriptor is specified, the source is assigned the default descriptor of
1x
.It is incorrect to mix width descriptors and pixel density descriptors in the same
srcset
attribute. Duplicate descriptors (for instance, two sources in the samesrcset
which are both described with2x
) are also invalid.If the
srcset
attribute uses width descriptors, thesizes
attribute must also be present, or thesrcset
itself will be ignored.The user agent selects any of the available sources at its discretion. This provides them with significant leeway to tailor their selection based on things like user preferences or bandwidth conditions. See our Responsive images tutorial for an example.
width
-
The intrinsic width of the image in pixels. Must be an integer without a unit.
usemap
-
The partial URL (starting with
#
) of an image map associated with the element.
Deprecated attributes
align
Deprecated-
Aligns the image with its surrounding context. Use the
float
and/orvertical-align
CSS properties instead of this attribute. Allowed values: border
Deprecated-
The width of a border around the image. Use the
border
CSS property instead. hspace
Deprecated-
The number of pixels of white space on the left and right of the image. Use the
margin
CSS property instead. longdesc
Deprecated-
A link to a more detailed description of the image. Possible values are a URL or an element
id
.Note: This attribute is mentioned in the latest W3C version, HTML 5.2, but has been removed from the WHATWG's HTML Living Standard. It has an uncertain future; authors should use a WAI-ARIA alternative such as
aria-describedby
oraria-details
. name
Deprecated-
A name for the element. Use the
id
attribute instead. vspace
Deprecated-
The number of pixels of white space above and below the image. Use the
margin
CSS property instead.
Styling with CSS
<img>
is a replaced element; it has a display
value of inline
by default, but its default dimensions are defined by the embedded image's intrinsic values, like it were inline-block
. You can set properties like border
/border-radius
, padding
/margin
, width
, height
, etc. on an image.
<img>
has no baseline, so when images are used in an inline formatting context with vertical-align: baseline
, the bottom of the image will be placed on the text baseline.
You can use the object-position
property to position the image within the element's box, and the object-fit
property to adjust the sizing of the image within the box (for example, whether the image should fit the box or fill it even if clipping is required).
Depending on its type, an image may have an intrinsic width and height. For some image types, however, intrinsic dimensions are unnecessary. SVG images, for instance, have no intrinsic dimensions if their root <svg>
element doesn't have a width
or height
set on it.
Accessibility
Authoring meaningful alternate descriptions
An alt
attribute's value should provide a clear and concise text replacement for the image's content. It should not describe the presence of the image itself or the file name of the image. If the alt
attribute is purposefully left off because the image has no textual equivalent, consider alternate methods to present what the image is trying to communicate.
Don't
<img alt="image" src="penguin.jpg" />
Do
<img alt="A Rockhopper Penguin is standing on a beach." src="penguin.jpg" />
When an alt
attribute is not present on an image, some screen readers may announce the image's file name instead. This can be a confusing experience if the file name isn't representative of the image's contents.
Identifying SVG as an image
Due to a VoiceOver bug, VoiceOver does not correctly announce SVG images as images. Include role="img"
to all <img>
elements with SVG source files to ensure assistive technologies correctly announce the SVG as image content.
<img src="mdn.svg" alt="MDN" role="img" />
The title attribute
The title
attribute is not an acceptable substitute for the alt
attribute. Additionally, avoid duplicating the alt
attribute's value in a title
attribute declared on the same image. Doing so may cause some screen readers to announce the same text twice, creating a confusing experience.
The title
attribute should also not be used as supplemental captioning information to accompany an image's alt
description. If an image needs a caption, use the figure
and figcaption
elements.
The value of the title
attribute is usually presented to the user as a tooltip, which appears shortly after the cursor stops moving over the image. While this can provide additional information to the user, you should not assume that the user will ever see it: the user may only have keyboard or touchscreen. If you have information that's particularly important or valuable for the user, present it inline using one of the methods mentioned above instead of using title
.
Examples
Alternative text
The following example embeds an image into the page and includes alternative text for accessibility.
<img src="favicon144.png" alt="MDN" />
Image link
This example builds upon the previous one, showing how to turn the image into a link. To do so, nest the <img>
tag inside the <a>
. You should make the alternative text describe the resource the link is pointing to, as if you were using a text link instead.
<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org">
<img src="favicon144.png" alt="Visit the MDN site" />
</a>
Using the srcset attribute
In this example we include a srcset
attribute with a reference to a high-resolution version of the logo; this will be loaded instead of the src
image on high-resolution devices. The image referenced in the src
attribute is counted as a 1x
candidate in user agents that support srcset
.
<img src="favicon72.png" alt="MDN" srcset="favicon144.png 2x" />
Using the srcset and sizes attributes
The src
attribute is ignored in user agents that support srcset
when w
descriptors are included. When the (max-width: 600px)
media condition matches, the 200 pixel-wide image will load (it is the one that matches 200px
most closely), otherwise the other image will load.
<img
src="clock-demo-200px.png"
alt="The time is 12:45."
srcset="clock-demo-200px.png 200w, clock-demo-400px.png 400w"
sizes="(max-width: 600px) 200px, 50vw" />
Note: To see the resizing in action, view the example on a separate page, so you can actually resize the content area.
Security and privacy concerns
Although <img>
elements have innocent uses, they can have undesirable consequences for user security and privacy. See Referer header: privacy and security concerns for more information and mitigations.
Technical summary
Content categories |
Flow content,
phrasing content,
embedded content,
palpable content. If the element has a usemap attribute, it also is a part
of the interactive content category.
|
---|---|
Permitted content | None; it is a void element. |
Tag omission | Must have a start tag and must not have an end tag. |
Permitted parents | Any element that accepts embedded content. |
Implicit ARIA role |
|
Permitted ARIA roles |
|
DOM interface | HTMLImageElement |
Specifications
Specification |
---|
HTML Standard # the-img-element |
Browser compatibility
BCD tables only load in the browser with JavaScript enabled. Enable JavaScript to view data.
See also
<picture>
,<object>
, and<embed>
elementsobject-fit
,object-position
,image-orientation
,image-rendering
, andimage-resolution
: Image-related CSS properties.HTMLImageElement
interface for this element- Images in HTML
- Image file type and format guide
- Responsive images