Abstract: We introduce a novel type system for enforcing secure information flow in an imperative language. Our work is motivated by the problem of statically checking potential information leakage in Android applications. To this end, we design a lightweight type system featuring Android permission model, where the permissions are statically assigned to applications and are used to enforce access control in the applications. We take inspiration from a type system by Banerjee and Naumann to allow security types to be dependent on the permissions of the applications. A novel feature of our type system is a typing rule for conditional branching induced…by permission testing, which introduces a merging operator on security types, allowing more precise security policies to be enforced. The soundness of our type system is proved with respect to non-interference. A type inference algorithm is also presented for the underlying security type system, by reducing the inference problem to a constraint solving problem in the lattice of security types. In addition, a new way to represent our security types as reduced ordered binary decision diagrams is proposed.
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Keywords: Secure information flow, secure type system, non-interference, permission-dependent, Android
Abstract: Urban rail transit station has a large number of people gathering and relatively closed space, which has become a high incidence of emergencies. In the process of emergency evacuation, due to the unbalanced utilization rate of exits, the evacuation time is prolonged, which seriously threatens the safety of people in the station. In order to find out the reasons for the imbalance of the utilization rate of the exit, and put forward the solution, balance the utilization rate of each exit, improve the evacuation efficiency. In this paper, a subway station platform in Southwest China is taken as an example…to establish a three-dimensional simulation model by using anylogic software. Through in-depth analysis, it is found that the reason for the unbalanced utilization of the platform floor exit is that the number of evacuation people at each exit does not match the evacuation capacity. According to the analysis results, the optimization model is put forward. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the optimization model can effectively balance the export utilization rate. Under the current conditions of off peak passenger flow, peak passenger flow and long-term peak passenger flow, the evacuation time can be saved by more than 20%.
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Abstract: Background: The development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be divided into subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Early recognition of pre-AD stages may slow the progression of dementia. Objective: This study aimed to explore functional connectivity (FC) changes of the brain prefrontal cortex (PFC) in AD continuum using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and to analyze its correlation with cognitive function. Methods: All participants underwent 48-channel fNIRS at resting-state. Based on Brodmann partitioning, the PFC was divided into eight subregions. The NIRSIT Analysis Tool (v3.7.5) was used to analyze mean ΔHbO2 and FC. Spearman correlation analysis was…used to examine associations between FC and cognitive function. Results: Compared with HC group, the mean ΔHbO2 and FC were different between multiple subregions in the AD continuum. Both mean ΔHbO2 in the left dorsolateral PFC and average FC decreased sequentially from SCD to MCI to AD groups. Additionally, seven pairs of subregions differed in FC among the three groups: the differences between the MCI and SCD groups were in heterotopic connectivity; the differences between the AD and SCD groups were in left intrahemispheric and homotopic connectivity; whereas the MCI and AD groups differed only in homotopic connectivity. Spearman correlation results showed that FCs were positively correlated with cognitive function. Conclusions: These results suggest that the left dorsolateral PFC may be the key cortical impairment in AD. Furthermore, there are different resting-state prefrontal network patterns in AD continuum, and the degree of cognitive impairment is positively correlated with reduced FC strength.
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