Refining the nuclear mass surface with the mass of $^{103}$Sn

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Preprint
Report number	arXiv:2410.17995
Title	Refining the nuclear mass surface with the mass of $^{103}$Sn
Author(s)	Nies, L. (CERN ; Greifswald U.) ; Atanasov, D. (LP2I, Bordeaux) ; Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis, M. (CERN ; Leuven U.) ; Au, M. (CERN ; Mainz U.) ; Bernerd, C. (CERN) ; Blaum, K. (Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.) ; Chrysalidis, K. (CERN) ; Fischer, P. (Greifswald U.) ; Heinke, R. (CERN) ; Klink, C. (CERN ; Darmstadt, Tech. U.) ; Lange, D. (Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.) ; Lunney, D. (IJCLab, Orsay) ; Manea, V. (IJCLab, Orsay) ; Marsh, B.A. (CERN) ; Müller, M. (Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.) ; Mougeot, M. (Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst. ; Jyvaskyla U.) ; Naimi, S. (IJCLab, Orsay) ; Schweiger, Ch. (Heidelberg, Max Planck Inst.) ; Schweikhard, L. (Greifswald U.) ; Wienholtz, F. (Darmstadt, Tech. U.)
Imprint	2024-10-23
Number of pages	13
Note	13 pages, 6 figures
Subject category	nucl-ex ; Nuclear Physics - Experiment
Abstract	Mass measurements with the ISOLTRAP mass spectrometer at CERN-ISOLDE improve mass uncertainties of neutron-deficient tin isotopes towards doubly-magic $^{100}$Sn. The mass uncertainty of $^{103}$Sn was reduced by a factor of 4, and the new value for the mass excess of -67104(18) keV is compared with nuclear \textit{ab initio} and density functional theory calculations. Based on these results and local trends in the mass surface, the masses of $^{101,103}$Sn, as determined through their $Q_{\textrm{EC}}$ values, were found to be inconsistent with the new results. From our measurement for $^{103}$Sn, we extrapolate the mass excess of $^{101}$Sn to -60005(300) keV, which is significantly more bound than previously suggested. By correcting the mass values for $^{101,103}$Sn, we also adjust the values of $^{104}$Sb, $^{105,107}$Te, $^{108}$I, $^{109,111}$Xe, and $^{112}$Cs near the proton drip line which are connected through their $\alpha$- and proton $Q$-values. The results show an overall smoothening of the mass surface, suggesting the absence of deformation energy above the ${N=50}$ shell closure.
Other source	Inspire
Copyright/License	preprint: (License: CC BY 4.0)

$Schematic of the apparatus. Protons with $\SI{1.4}{\giga\electronvolt}$ produce radioisotopes through nuclear reactions in the target material, where tin isotopes are vaporized and then laser-ionized through resonance laser ionization (laser scheme in insert a). Here, IP stands for the ionization potential of tin, and AI denotes the energy for auto-ionizing states. Tin isotopes (red circles) and parasitically ionized contamination (blue and white circles) are extracted at $\SI{30}{\kilo\electronvolt}$ and subsequently mass separated using two electromagnets (High-Resolution Separator, HRS). Ions with the selected mass-over-charge ratio $m/q$ are collected in an ion cooler and buncher (RFQ-cb). The beam is then released in bunches, reduced in energy through the pulsed-drift tube to $\SI{3.2}{\kilo\electronvolt}$, and captured in a time-of-flight spectrometer (MR-ToF MS) at $\SI{2}{\kilo\electronvolt}$. After about $\SI{50}{\milli\second}$, the ions are released, and their flight time to an ion detector is measured. An example ToF spectrum for $m/q=106$ showing strontium-fluoride, indium, and tin is depicted in insert b).$ $Left: Normalized yields (in ions per second normalized to $\SI{1}{\micro\ampere}$ of protons on target) of the extracted $^{106}$Sn$^+$ beam as measured by ISOLTRAP throughout the experiment with respect to target and ion source temperatures. The temperatures were calibrated using an optical pyrometer for a range of applied heating currents and powers, with measurement uncertainties of about $\SI{50}{\celsius}$ (not shown). Shaded areas indicate where protons from the PSB were not available. The grey dashed line indicates the temperature at which the target material starts to undergo sintering. Right: Normalized yield and beam purity (percentage of tin ions in the MR-ToF spectrum) of the extracted $^{106}$Sn$^+$ beam versus ion-source temperature. The target temperature in the shaded area was $\SI{1650\pm 50}{\celsius}$, in the nonshaded area $\SI{1730\pm 50}{\celsius}$.$ $Best yields extracted from the target measured with the MR-ToF MS (red) and normalized to a proton current of $\SI{1}{\micro\ampere}$. In comparison, previously measured yields of extracted beams reported in the ISOLDE yield database (blue) and in-target production simulation codes FLUKA~\cite{2014_Bohlen_FLUKA, Ahdida_2022_FLUKA} and ABRABLA~\cite{2009_Kelic_ABRABLA}, as well as the empirical fragmentation production cross section code EPAX-V3~\cite{2012_Summerer_EPAX_V3}.$ Show more plots

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