002892116 001__ 2892116
002892116 005__ 20241214045151.0
002892116 0248_ $$aoai:cds.cern.ch:2892116$$pcerncds:FULLTEXT$$pcerncds:CERN:FULLTEXT$$pcerncds:CERN
002892116 0247_ $$2DOI$$9Elsevier Ltd$$a10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.111525$$qpublication
002892116 037__ $$9arXiv$$aarXiv:2403.09759$$cphysics.ins-det
002892116 035__ $$9arXiv$$aoai:arXiv.org:2403.09759
002892116 035__ $$9Inspire$$aoai:inspirehep.net:2769149$$d2024-12-13T04:06:13Z$$h2024-12-14T03:00:24Z$$mmarcxml$$ttrue$$uhttps://inspirehep.net/api/oai2d
002892116 035__ $$9Inspire$$a2769149
002892116 041__ $$aeng
002892116 100__ $$aAlcayne, V.$$mvictor.alcayne@ciemat.es$$uMadrid, CIEMAT$$uMadrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.$$vCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Spain
002892116 245__ $$9arXiv$$aA Segmented Total Energy Detector (sTED) optimized for $(n,\gamma)$ cross-section measurements at n_TOF EAR2
002892116 269__ $$c2024-03-14
002892116 260__ $$c2024-01-09
002892116 300__ $$a14 p
002892116 520__ $$9Elsevier Ltd$$aThe neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN is a spallation source dedicated to measurements of neutron-induced reaction cross-sections of interest in nuclear technologies, astrophysics, and other applications. Since 2014, Experimental ARea 2 (EAR2) is operational and delivers a neutron fluence of <math altimg="si1.svg" display="inline" id="d1e3057"><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>⋅</mi><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> neutrons per nominal proton pulse, which is <math altimg="si55.svg" display="inline" id="d1e3076"><mo>∼</mo></math>50 times higher than the one of Experimental ARea 1 (EAR1) of <math altimg="si3.svg" display="inline" id="d1e3081"><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>8</mn><mi>⋅</mi><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> neutrons per pulse. The high neutron flux at EAR2 results in high counting rates in the detectors that challenged the previously existing capture detection systems. For this reason, a Segmented Total Energy Detector (sTED) has been developed to overcome the limitations in the detector’s response, by reducing the active volume per module and by using a photo-multiplier (PMT) optimized for high counting rates. This paper presents the main characteristics of the sTED, including energy and time resolution, response to <math altimg="si80.svg" display="inline" id="d1e3101"><mi>γ</mi></math>-rays, and provides as well details of the use of the Pulse Height Weighting Technique (PHWT) with this detector. The sTED has been validated to perform neutron-capture cross-section measurements in EAR2 in the neutron energy range from thermal up to at least 400 keV. The detector has already been successfully used in several measurements at n_TOF EAR2. •The previous detectors to do capture measurements at n_TOF EAR2 show disadvantages.•The sTED has been made with smaller active volumes and optimized photomultipliers.•The detector shows an excellent response to perform capture measurements at n_TOF EAR2.•In a large energy range, the sTED has been validated to do capture measurements.
002892116 520__ $$9arXiv$$aThe neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN is a spallation source dedicated to measurements of neutron-induced reaction cross-sections of interest in nuclear technologies, astrophysics, and other applications. Since 2014, Experimental ARea 2 (EAR2) is operational and delivers a neutron fluence of $4\times 10^7$ neutrons per nominal proton pulse, which is 50 times higher than the one of Experimental ARea 1 (EAR1) of $8\times10^5$ neutrons per pulse. The high neutron flux at EAR2 results in high counting rates in the detectors that challenged the previously existing capture detection systems. For this reason, a Segmented Total Energy Detector (sTED) has been developed to overcome the limitations in the detectors response, by reducing the active volume per module and by using a photomultiplier (PMT) optimized for high counting rates. This paper presents the main characteristics of the sTED, including energy and time resolution, response to $\gamma$-rays, and provides as well details of the use of the Pulse Height Weighting Technique (PHWT) with this detector. The sTED has been validated to perform neutron-capture cross-section measurements in EAR2 in the neutron energy range from thermal up to at least 400 keV. The detector has already been successfully used in several measurements at n_TOF EAR2.
002892116 540__ $$3preprint$$aCC BY 4.0$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
002892116 540__ $$3publication$$aCC BY-NC-ND 4.0$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
002892116 542__ $$3publication$$dThe Author(s)$$g2024
002892116 65017 $$2arXiv$$anucl-ex
002892116 65017 $$2SzGeCERN$$aNuclear Physics - Experiment
002892116 65017 $$2arXiv$$aphysics.ins-det
002892116 65017 $$2SzGeCERN$$aDetectors and Experimental Techniques
002892116 693__ $$aCERN PS$$enTOF
002892116 690C_ $$aCERN
002892116 690C_ $$aARTICLE
002892116 700__ $$aCano-Ott, D.$$uMadrid, CIEMAT$$uMadrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.$$vCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Spain
002892116 700__ $$aGarcia, J.$$uMadrid, CIEMAT$$uMadrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.$$vCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Spain
002892116 700__ $$aGonzalez-Romero, E.$$uMadrid, CIEMAT$$uMadrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.$$vCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Spain
002892116 700__ $$aMartınez, T.$$uMadrid, CIEMAT$$uMadrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.$$vCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Spain
002892116 700__ $$ade Rada, A. Perez$$uMadrid, CIEMAT$$uMadrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.$$vCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Spain
002892116 700__ $$aPlaza, J.$$uMadrid, CIEMAT$$uMadrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.$$vCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Spain
002892116 700__ $$aSanchez-Caballero, A.$$uMadrid, CIEMAT$$uMadrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.$$vCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Spain
002892116 700__ $$aBalibrea-Correa, J.$$uValencia U., IFIC$$vInstituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC - Universidad de Valencia, Spain
002892116 700__ $$aDomingo-Pardo, C.$$uValencia U., IFIC$$vInstituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC - Universidad de Valencia, Spain
002892116 700__ $$aLerendegui-Marco, J.$$uValencia U., IFIC$$vInstituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC - Universidad de Valencia, Spain
002892116 700__ $$aCasanovas, A.$$uBarcelona, Polytechnic U.$$vUniversitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain
002892116 700__ $$aCalvino, F.$$uBarcelona, Polytechnic U.$$vUniversitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain
002892116 700__ $$aAberle, O.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aAltieri, S.$$uINFN, Pavia$$uPavia U.$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia, Italy$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Pavia, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aAmaducci, S.$$uINFN, Catania$$vINFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aAndrzejewski, J.$$uLodz U.$$vUniversity of Lodz, Poland
002892116 700__ $$aBabiano-Suarez, V.$$uValencia U., IFIC$$vInstituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC - Universidad de Valencia, Spain
002892116 700__ $$aBacak, M.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aBeltrami, C.$$uINFN, Pavia$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aBennett, S.$$uManchester U.$$vUniversity of Manchester, United Kingdom
002892116 700__ $$aBernardes, A.P.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aBerthoumieux, E.$$uIRFU, Saclay$$vCEA Irfu, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
002892116 700__ $$aBeyer, R.$$uHZDR, Dresden$$vHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
002892116 700__ $$aBoromiza, M.$$uBucharest, IFIN-HH$$vHoria Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Romania
002892116 700__ $$aBosnar, D.$$uZagreb U., Phys. Dept.$$vDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
002892116 700__ $$aCaamano, M.$$uSantiago de Compostela U.$$vUniversity of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
002892116 700__ $$aCalviani, M.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aCastelluccio, D.M.$$uENEA, Casaccia$$uINFN, Bologna$$vAgenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie (ENEA), Italy$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aCerutti, F.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aCescutti, G.$$uINFN, Trieste$$uTrieste U.$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Italy$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Trieste, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aChasapoglou, S.$$uNatl. Tech. U., Athens$$vNational Technical University of Athens, Greece
002892116 700__ $$aChiaveri, E.$$uCERN$$uManchester U.$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland$$vUniversity of Manchester, United Kingdom
002892116 700__ $$aColombetti, P.$$uINFN, Turin$$uTurin U.$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, Italy$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Torino, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aColonna, N.$$uINFN, Bari$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aCamprini, P. Console$$uINFN, Bologna$$uENEA, Casaccia$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Italy$$vAgenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie (ENEA), Italy
002892116 700__ $$aCortes, G.$$uBarcelona, Polytechnic U.$$vUniversitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain
002892116 700__ $$aCortes-Giraldo, M.A.$$uSeville U.$$vUniversidad de Sevilla, Spain
002892116 700__ $$aCosentino, L.$$uINFN, Catania$$vINFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aDellmann, S.$$uGoethe U., Frankfurt (main)$$vGoethe University Frankfurt, Germany
002892116 700__ $$aDi Castro, M.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aDi Maria, S.$$uLisbon, IST$$vInstituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
002892116 700__ $$aDiakaki, M.$$uNatl. Tech. U., Athens$$vNational Technical University of Athens, Greece
002892116 700__ $$aDietz, M.$$uBraunschweig, Phys. Tech. Bund.$$vPhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
002892116 700__ $$aRochmana, D.$$uMadrid, CIEMAT$$uMadrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.$$vPaul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aDupont, E.$$uIRFU, Saclay$$vCEA Irfu, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
002892116 700__ $$aDuran, I.$$uSantiago de Compostela U.$$vUniversity of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
002892116 700__ $$aElemea, Z.$$uValencia U., IFIC$$vUniversity of Ioannina, Greece
002892116 700__ $$aFargier, S.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aFernandez, B.$$uSeville U.$$vUniversidad de Sevilla, Spain
002892116 700__ $$aFernandez-Domınguez, B.$$uSantiago de Compostela U.$$vUniversity of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
002892116 700__ $$aFinocchiaro, P.$$uINFN, Catania$$vINFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aFiore, S.$$uENEA, Casaccia$$uINFN, Rome$$vAgenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie (ENEA), Italy$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma1, Roma, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aFurman, V.$$uHigher Sch. of Economics, Moscow$$vAffiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN, Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aGarcıa-Infantesa, F.$$uINFN, Pavia$$uCERN$$vUniversity of Granada, Spain$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aGawlik-Ramiega, A.$$uLodz U.$$vUniversity of Lodz, Poland
002892116 700__ $$aGervino, G.$$uINFN, Turin$$uTurin U.$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, Italy$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Torino, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aGilardoni, S.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aGuerrero, C.$$uSeville U.$$vUniversidad de Sevilla, Spain
002892116 700__ $$aGunsing, F.$$uIRFU, Saclay$$vCEA Irfu, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
002892116 700__ $$aGustavinoa, C.$$uBarcelona, Polytechnic U.$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma1, Roma, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aHeysea, J.$$uPavia U.$$vEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
002892116 700__ $$aHillman, W.$$uManchester U.$$vUniversity of Manchester, United Kingdom
002892116 700__ $$aJenkins, D.G.$$uYork U., England$$vUniversity of York, United Kingdom
002892116 700__ $$aJericha, E.$$uVienna, Tech. U., Atominst.$$vTU Wien, Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Wien, Austria
002892116 700__ $$aJunghans, A.$$uHZDR, Dresden$$vHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
002892116 700__ $$aKadi, Y.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aKaperoni, K.$$uNatl. Tech. U., Athens$$vNational Technical University of Athens, Greece
002892116 700__ $$aKaur, G.$$uIRFU, Saclay$$vCEA Irfu, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
002892116 700__ $$aKimura, A.$$uJAEA, Ibaraki$$vJapan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai-Mura, Japan
002892116 700__ $$aKnapova, I.$$uCharles U.$$vCharles University, Prague, Czech Republic
002892116 700__ $$aKokkoris, M.$$uNatl. Tech. U., Athens$$vNational Technical University of Athens, Greece
002892116 700__ $$aKopatcha, Y.$$uPavia U.$$vEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
002892116 700__ $$aKrticka, M.$$uCharles U.$$vCharles University, Prague, Czech Republic
002892116 700__ $$aKyritsis, N.$$uNatl. Tech. U., Athens$$vNational Technical University of Athens, Greece
002892116 700__ $$aLadarescu, I.$$uValencia U., IFIC$$vInstituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC - Universidad de Valencia, Spain
002892116 700__ $$aLederer-Woodsa, C.$$uHZDR, Dresden$$vSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
002892116 700__ $$aLerner, G.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aManna, A.$$uINFN, Bologna$$uU. Bologna, DIFA$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Italy$$vDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aMasi, A.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aMassimi, C.$$uINFN, Bologna$$uU. Bologna, DIFA$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Italy$$vDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aMastinua, P.$$uZagreb U., Phys. Dept.$$vINFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aMastromarco, M.$$uINFN, Bari$$uBari U.$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, Italy$$vDipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Bari, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aMaugeria, E.A.$$uBarcelona, Polytechnic U.$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma1, Roma, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aMazzone, A.$$uINFN, Bari$$uCNR, INO, Pisa$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, Italy$$vConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aMendoza, E.$$uMadrid, CIEMAT$$uMadrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.$$vCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Spain
002892116 700__ $$aMengoni, A.$$uENEA, Casaccia$$uINFN, Bologna$$vAgenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie (ENEA), Italy$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aMichalopoulou, V.$$uNatl. Tech. U., Athens$$vNational Technical University of Athens, Greece
002892116 700__ $$aMilazzo, P.M.$$uINFN, Trieste$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aMucciola, R.$$uU. Perugia (main)$$uINFN, Perugia$$vDipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Italy$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aMurtas, F.$$uFrascati$$vINFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aMusacchio-Gonzalez, E.$$uINFN, Legnaro$$vINFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aMusumarra, A.$$uINFN, Catania$$uU. Catania (main)$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania, Italy$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aNegret, A.$$uBucharest, IFIN-HH$$vHoria Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Romania
002892116 700__ $$aPerez-Maroto, P.$$uSeville U.$$vUniversidad de Sevilla, Spain
002892116 700__ $$aPatronisa, N.$$uValencia U., IFIC$$uCERN$$vUniversity of Ioannina, Greece$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aPavon-Rodrıguez, J.A.$$uSeville U.$$uCERN$$vUniversidad de Sevilla, Spain$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aPellegritia, M.G.$$uNatl. Tech. U., Athens$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aPerkowski, J.$$uLodz U.$$vUniversity of Lodz, Poland
002892116 700__ $$aPetrone, C.$$uBucharest, IFIN-HH$$vHoria Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Romania
002892116 700__ $$aPiersantia, L.$$uINFN, Trieste$$uCagliari Observ.$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, Italy$$vIstituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astronomico di Teramo, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aPirovano, E.$$uBraunschweig, Phys. Tech. Bund.$$vPhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
002892116 700__ $$aPomp, S.$$uUppsala U.$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
002892116 700__ $$aPorrasa, I.$$uINFN, Pavia$$vUniversity of Granada, Spain
002892116 700__ $$aPraena, J.$$uGranada U., Theor. Phys. Astrophys.$$vUniversity of Granada, Spain
002892116 700__ $$aQuesada, J.M.$$uSeville U.$$vUniversidad de Sevilla, Spain
002892116 700__ $$aReifarth, R.$$uGoethe U., Frankfurt (main)$$vGoethe University Frankfurt, Germany
002892116 700__ $$aDresslera, R.$$uMadrid, CIEMAT$$uMadrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind.$$vPaul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aRomanets, Y.$$uLisbon, IST$$vInstituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
002892116 700__ $$aRubbia, C.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aSabate-Gilarte, M.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aSchillebeeckx, P.$$uGeel, JRC$$vEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
002892116 700__ $$aSchumann, D.$$uPSI, Villigen$$vPaul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aSekhar, A.$$uManchester U.$$vUniversity of Manchester, United Kingdom
002892116 700__ $$aSmith, A.G.$$uManchester U.$$vUniversity of Manchester, United Kingdom
002892116 700__ $$aSosnina, N.V.$$uHZDR, Dresden$$vSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
002892116 700__ $$aSpelta, M.$$uINFN, Trieste$$uTrieste U.$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Italy$$vDepartment of Physics, University of Trieste, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aStamatia, M.E.$$uValencia U., IFIC$$uCERN$$vUniversity of Ioannina, Greece$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aSturniolo, A.$$uINFN, Turin$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aTagliente, G.$$uINFN, Bari$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aTarifeno-Saldivia, A.$$uBarcelona, Polytechnic U.$$vUniversitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain
002892116 700__ $$aTarrıo, D.$$uUppsala U.$$vDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
002892116 700__ $$aTorres-Sanchez, P.$$uGranada U., Theor. Phys. Astrophys.$$vUniversity of Granada, Spain
002892116 700__ $$aVagena, E.$$uIoannina U.$$vUniversity of Ioannina, Greece
002892116 700__ $$aValenta, S.$$uCharles U.$$vCharles University, Prague, Czech Republic
002892116 700__ $$aVariale, V.$$uINFN, Bari$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aVaz, P.$$uLisbon, IST$$vInstituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
002892116 700__ $$aVecchio, G.$$uINFN, Catania$$vINFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aVescovi, D.$$uGoethe U., Frankfurt (main)$$vGoethe University Frankfurt, Germany
002892116 700__ $$aVlachoudis, V.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland
002892116 700__ $$aVlastou, R.$$uNatl. Tech. U., Athens$$vNational Technical University of Athens, Greece
002892116 700__ $$aWallner, A.$$uHZDR, Dresden$$vHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
002892116 700__ $$aWoods, P.J.$$uEdinburgh U.$$vSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
002892116 700__ $$aWright, T.$$vUniversity of Manchester, United Kingdom
002892116 700__ $$aZarrella, R.$$uINFN, Bologna$$uU. Bologna, DIFA$$vIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Italy$$vDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Italy
002892116 700__ $$aZugec, P.$$uZagreb U., Phys. Dept.$$vDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
002892116 710__ $$gn_TOF Collaboration
002892116 773__ $$c111525$$mpublication$$pRadiat. Phys. Chem.$$v217$$y2024
002892116 8564_ $$82519038$$s14186$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/Geant4_WF_v04.png$$y00018 A schematic view of of the setup simulated in Geant4 with three sTED modules and the gold sample.
002892116 8564_ $$82519039$$s32067$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/Paper_Histogram_Au_Det1_v05.png$$y00022 Experimental deposited energy spectra in one sTED module (Exp.-Back.) with background (Back.) subtracted and simulated with Geant4 (MC) for $^{197}$Au (n,$\gamma$) cascades.
002892116 8564_ $$82519040$$s49651$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/FinalCalibration_v06.png$$y00016 Experimental deposited energy spectra obtained with an sTED module for various $\gamma$-ray sources ($^{133}$Ba, $^{137}$Cs, $^{207}$Bi, $^{88}$Y and AmBe) compared with Geant4 simulations. The area of the experimental spectra are normalized to the simulated ones.
002892116 8564_ $$82519041$$s285381$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/1_sTED_v04.png$$y00006 Photos of one sTED module (top) and nine sTED modules grouped into a cluster (bottom).
002892116 8564_ $$82519042$$s8361$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/1_Data1Det1_EnergyResolution_Paper.png$$y00015 Top panel: deposited energy in the detector as a function of the area of the signals (blue points corresponding to Compton edges). The values have been fitted to a straight line (black dashed line) and a parabola (red dashed line). Bottom panel: energy resolution ($\Delta E/E$) of one sTED module as a function of the deposited energy (blue points). The experimental points have been fitted with the function: $\mathrm{\Delta E/E=2.35\cdot \sqrt{\alpha/E+\beta}}$. The results of the fit are $\alpha=0.00545$ in MeV and $\beta=0.000729$.
002892116 8564_ $$82519043$$s14604$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/CheckInputEnergy05_v06.png$$y00020 $Q$ values, see Sec. \ref{section:MeasuringTechnique} for its definition, determined for 150 $\gamma$-ray energies.
002892116 8564_ $$82519044$$s73331$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/Amplitude_Area_sTED_ZOOM_v05.png$$y00010 2D plot showing the amplitude versus the area of the sTED signals with an R11265U-100 photomultiplier when measuring an $^{88}$Y calibration source. The black dashed line separates two different types of signals, see text for details. The bottom figure is a zoom of the top one.
002892116 8564_ $$82519045$$s13591$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/CR_EAR1_EAR2_250Bin_v06.png$$y00000 Counting rates obtained as a function of the neutron energy in the experimental EAR1 (EAR1-Au) and EAR2 (EAR2-Au) for a BICRON detector with a threshold of 0.15 MeV. The detectors are located at 10 cm from a $^{197}$Au sample of 2 cm in diameter and 100 $\mu$m thickness. The counting rates of the background obtained when measuring the dummy, hereafter a setup equal to the one of $^{197}$Au but without the $^{197}$Au sample, are also presented for the EAR1 (EAR1-Dummy) and the EAR2 (EAR2-Dummy).
002892116 8564_ $$82519046$$s974164$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/2403.09759.pdf$$yFulltext
002892116 8564_ $$82519047$$s9851$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/sTED_Drawing_v06.png$$y00008 Drawing of one sTED module with the different components and their sizes in millimeters. The PMT is coupled to the optical quartz window.
002892116 8564_ $$82519048$$s321964$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/9_sTED_v04.png$$y00007 Photos of one sTED module (top) and nine sTED modules grouped into a cluster (bottom).
002892116 8564_ $$82519049$$s31818$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/Y88_Scale_3Perce_v07_v05.png$$y00017 Deposited experimental energy spectra (Exp.-Back.) after subtracting the background (Back.) for an $^{88}$Y $\gamma$-ray sources of 44.3 $\pm$ 1.3 kBq compared with Monte Carlo simulations (MC). The MC simulations have been scaled by 1.0027 to normalize to the experimental results.
002892116 8564_ $$82519050$$s35889$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/STED_CR_Lab_EAR1_Test_v04.png$$y00013 Deposited energy spectra for a 20 MBq $^{137}$Cs calibration source placed at different distances from an sTED module with an R11265U-100 photomultiplier, along with the Counting Rates (CR) obtained using a deposited energy threshold of 0.15 MeV.
002892116 8564_ $$82519051$$s9933$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/AverageSignal_v04.png$$y00011 Average sTED signals produced by $\gamma$-rays and \textit{noise}. The signals are normalized to the same maximum amplitude.
002892116 8564_ $$82519052$$s9366$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/Plot_WFs_v07.png$$y00019 Adopted WF for one sTED module. WF$\mathrm{(E)}$ = $\mathrm{6.5071}$ + $\mathrm{656.261\cdot E}$ + $\mathrm{113.929\cdot E^2}$ + $\mathrm{34.5488\cdot E^3}$-$\mathrm{6.39125\cdot E^4}$ + $\mathrm{0.411521\cdot E^5}$, the energy ($E$) is given in MeV and the coefficients correspond to $k=1$, see \ref{section:MeasuringTechnique}.
002892116 8564_ $$82519053$$s28509$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/Yield_Paperc5_PType3_v07.png$$y00025 sTED experimental capture yield obtained with a $^{197}$Au sample (Experimental) compared with the yield obtained from the JEFF-3.3 nuclear data library (JEFF-3.3). The top figure has ten bins per decade and the bottom one thirty bins per decade. The vertical blue line indicates the neutron energy of 400 keV. In the bottom panels, the ratios between the two yields are presented. The error bars consider only the uncertainties due to counting statistics.
002892116 8564_ $$82519054$$s25298$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/Gold100DifferentIntensity_v04.png$$y00004 Amplitude spectra obtained for the 4.9 eV resonance of a $^{197}$Au sample of 0.5 cm diameter and 100 $\mu$m thickness with a BICRON detector at 5 cm. Three different proton intensities are presented in the plot. The spectra (from different proton intensities) are normalized to the same number of detected counts.
002892116 8564_ $$82519055$$s21870$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/CompareCR_Distances_v05.png$$y00001 Counting rates obtained for a BICRON detector as a function of the neutron energy with a 0.15 MeV deposited energy threshold in a beam-on measurement without any sample in place at the nominal proton intensity. The measurements are performed with the detector at the same distance from the spallation target but at three different distances (5, 15 and 30 cm) from the center of the beam.
002892116 8564_ $$82519056$$s26529$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/Yield_Paperc6_PType3_v07.png$$y00024 sTED experimental capture yield obtained with a $^{197}$Au sample (Experimental) compared with the yield obtained from the JEFF-3.3 nuclear data library (JEFF-3.3). The top figure has ten bins per decade and the bottom one thirty bins per decade. The vertical blue line indicates the neutron energy of 400 keV. In the bottom panels, the ratios between the two yields are presented. The error bars consider only the uncertainties due to counting statistics.
002892116 8564_ $$82519057$$s39997$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/Yield_Paperc1_v06.png$$y00023 sTED experimental capture yield obtained with a $^{197}$Au sample (Experimental) compared with the yield obtained from the JEFF-3.3 nuclear data library (JEFF-3.3) in the energy region between 140 and 165 eV. In the bottom panel of the figure, the residuals defined as the distances of the experimental data points to the theoretical JEFF-3.3 yield divided by the statistical uncertainties of the data points are plotted. The error bars consider only the uncertainties due to counting statistics.
002892116 8564_ $$82519058$$s26426$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/Spec01_Au02_L6D6_05_v05.png$$y00005 Amplitude spectra obtained for measurements with a carbon-fiber housing detector at 10 cm from a $^{197}$Au sample of 2 cm diameter and 100 $\mu$m thickness. The spectra, normalized between them to the number of detected counts, are presented for different neutron energy ranges and the nominal proton intensity of 7$\cdot$10$^{12}$ protons per pulse.
002892116 8564_ $$82519059$$s31228$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/V01EdepAu197Det1_v03.png$$y00003 Amplitude spectra obtained from a measurement with a BICRON detector at 5 cm from a $^{197}$Au sample of 0.5 cm diameter and 100 $\mu$m thickness. The neutron separation energy of $^{197}$Au is 6.512 MeV. The spectra (from different energy ranges) are normalized to the same number of detected counts.
002892116 8564_ $$82519060$$s95754$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/Amplitude_Area_sTED_v05.png$$y00009 2D plot showing the amplitude versus the area of the sTED signals with an R11265U-100 photomultiplier when measuring an $^{88}$Y calibration source. The black dashed line separates two different types of signals, see text for details. The bottom figure is a zoom of the top one.
002892116 8564_ $$82519061$$s11363$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/CR_Au_1_3_ForPaper_v05.png$$y00021 Counting rates obtained as a function of the neutron energy in the experimental EAR2 for a sTED module with a threshold of 0.15 MeV. The detector is located at 5 cm from a $^{197}$Au sample of 2 cm in diameter and 100 $\mu$m thickness. The counting rates of the background obtained when measuring a dummy sample are also presented.
002892116 8564_ $$82519062$$s25053$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/1_Data1Det1_EnergyCalibration_v05.png$$y00014 Top panel: deposited energy in the detector as a function of the area of the signals (blue points corresponding to Compton edges). The values have been fitted to a straight line (black dashed line) and a parabola (red dashed line). Bottom panel: energy resolution ($\Delta E/E$) of one sTED module as a function of the deposited energy (blue points). The experimental points have been fitted with the function: $\mathrm{\Delta E/E=2.35\cdot \sqrt{\alpha/E+\beta}}$. The results of the fit are $\alpha=0.00545$ in MeV and $\beta=0.000729$.
002892116 8564_ $$82519063$$s11744$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/Fit_TimeResolution_v05.png$$y00012 Distribution of the time differences between signals in coincidence between an sTED module and a LaBr$_3$ detector, when measuring a $^{60}$Co source. The FWHM of the distribution is 822 $\pm$ 5 ps, including the contribution of the LaBr$_3$ and the sTED, see text for details.
002892116 8564_ $$82519064$$s12379$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/YCS_L6D6_F_Amp_1500V_v06.png$$y00002 Amplitude spectra for a combination of $^{137}$Cs and $^{88}$Y calibration sources with a total activity of $\sim$400 kBq placed at two different distances from a carbon-fiber housing detector. A gain shift of 12\% is observed from one measurement to the other. The Counting Rates (CR) obtained with an energy threshold of 0.15 MeV are also given in the figure.
002892116 8564_ $$82561337$$s1884451$$uhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2892116/files/Publication.pdf$$yFulltext
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