CERN Accelerating science

Article
Report number	arXiv:2003.14071
Title	Layout and Performance of HPK Prototype LGAD Sensors for the High-Granularity Timing Detector
Author(s)	Yang, X. (CUST, SKLPDE) ; Alderweireldt, S. (CERN) ; Atanov, N. (BITP, Kiev ; Dubna, JINR) ; Ayoub, M.K. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, J. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Castillo García, L. (Barcelona, IFAE) ; Chen, H. (CUST, SKLPDE) ; Christie, S. (UC, Santa Cruz, Inst. Part. Phys.) ; Cindro, V. (Stefan Inst., Ljubljana) ; Cui, H. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys. ; Beijing, GUCAS) ; D'Amen, G. (Brookhaven) ; Davydov, Y. (BITP, Kiev ; Dubna, JINR) ; Fan, Y.Y. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Galloway, Z. (UC, Santa Cruz, Inst. Part. Phys.) ; Ge, J.J. (CUST, SKLPDE) ; Gee, C. (UC, Santa Cruz, Inst. Part. Phys.) ; Giacomini, G. (Brookhaven) ; Gkougkousis, E.L. (Barcelona, IFAE) ; Grieco, C. (Barcelona, IFAE) ; Grinstein, S. (Barcelona, IFAE) ; Grosse-Knetter, J. (Gottingen U., II. Phys. Inst.) ; Guindon, S. (CERN) ; Han, S. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys. ; Beijing, GUCAS) ; Howard, A. (Stefan Inst., Ljubljana) ; Huang, Y.P. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Jin, Y. (UC, Santa Cruz, Inst. Part. Phys.) ; Jing, M.Q. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys. ; Beijing, GUCAS) ; Kiuchi, R. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Kramberger, G. (Stefan Inst., Ljubljana) ; Kuwertz, E. (CERN) ; Labitan, C. (UC, Santa Cruz, Inst. Part. Phys.) ; Lange, J. (Gottingen U., II. Phys. Inst.) ; Leite, M. (Sao Paulo U.) ; Li, C.H. (CUST, SKLPDE) ; Li, Q.Y. (CUST, SKLPDE) ; Liu, B. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Liu, J.Y. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Liu, Y.W. (CUST, SKLPDE) ; Liang, H. (CUST, SKLPDE) ; Liang, Z.J. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Lockerby, M. (UC, Santa Cruz, Inst. Part. Phys.) ; Lyu, F. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Mandić, I. (Stefan Inst., Ljubljana) ; Martinez-Mckinney, F. (UC, Santa Cruz, Inst. Part. Phys.) ; Mazza, S.M. (UC, Santa Cruz, Inst. Part. Phys.) ; Mikuž, M. (Stefan Inst., Ljubljana) ; Padilla, R. (UC, Santa Cruz, Inst. Part. Phys.) ; Qi, B.H. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys. ; Beijing, GUCAS) ; Quadt, A. (Gottingen U., II. Phys. Inst.) ; Ran, K.L. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys. ; Beijing, GUCAS) ; Ren, H. (UC, Santa Cruz, Inst. Part. Phys.) ; Rizzi, C. (CERN) ; Rossi, E. (Brookhaven) ; Sadrozinski, H.F.-W. (UC, Santa Cruz, Inst. Part. Phys.) ; Saito, G.T. (Sao Paulo U.) ; Schumm, B. (UC, Santa Cruz, Inst. Part. Phys.) ; Schwickardi, M. (Gottingen U., II. Phys. Inst.) ; Seiden, A. (UC, Santa Cruz, Inst. Part. Phys.) ; Shan, L.Y. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Shi, L.S. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Shi, X. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Soares Canas Ferreira, A. (CERN) ; Sun, Y.J. (CUST, SKLPDE) ; Tan, Y.H. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys. ; Beijing, GUCAS) ; Tricoli, A. (Brookhaven) ; Wan, G.Y. (CUST, SKLPDE) ; Wilder, M. (UC, Santa Cruz, Inst. Part. Phys.) ; Wu, K.W. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys. ; Beijing, GUCAS) ; Wyatt, W. (UC, Santa Cruz, Inst. Part. Phys.) ; Xiao, S.Y. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys. ; Beijing, GUCAS) ; Yang, T. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys. ; Beijing, GUCAS) ; Yang, Y.Z. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Yu, C.J. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys. ; Beijing, GUCAS) ; Zhao, L. (CUST, SKLPDE) ; Zhao, M. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Zhao, Y. (UC, Santa Cruz, Inst. Part. Phys.) ; Zhao, Z.G. (CUST, SKLPDE) ; Zheng, X.X. (CUST, SKLPDE) ; Zhuang, X.A. (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.)
Publication	2020-11-11
Imprint	2020-03-31
Number of pages	17
In:	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A 980 (2020) 164379
In:	12th international "Hiroshima" Symposium on the Development and Application of Semiconductor Tracking Detectors (HSTD), Hiroshima, Japan, 14 - 18 Dec 2019, pp.164379
DOI	10.1016/j.nima.2020.164379
Subject category	hep-ex ; Particle Physics - Experiment ; physics.ins-det ; Detectors and Experimental Techniques
Abstract	The High-Granularity Timing Detector is a detector proposed for the ATLAS Phase II upgrade. The detector, based on the Low-Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) technology will cover the pseudo-rapidity region of $2.4<|\eta|<4.0$ with two end caps on each side and a total area of 6.4 $m^2$. The timing performance can be improved by implanting an internal gain layer that can produce signal with a fast rising edge, which improve significantly the signal-to-noise ratio. The required average timing resolution per track for a minimum-ionising particle is 30 ps at the start and 50 ps at the end of the HL-LHC operation. This is achieved with several layers of LGAD. The innermost region of the detector would accumulate a 1 MeV-neutron equivalent fluence up to $2.5 \times 10^{15} cm^{-2}$ before being replaced during the scheduled shutdowns. The addition of this new detector is expected to play an important role in the mitigation of high pile-up at the HL-LHC. The layout and performance of the various versions of LGAD prototypes produced by Hamamatsu (HPK) have been studied by the ATLAS Collaboration. The breakdown voltages, depletion voltages, inter-pad gaps, collected charge as well as the time resolution have been measured and the production yield of large size sensors has been evaluated.
Copyright/License	preprint: (License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) publication: © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

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