Governor of Indiana

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Indiana Governor

Seal of Indiana.png

General information
Office Type:  Partisan
Office website:  Official Link
Compensation:  $134,051
2025 FY Budget:  $8,390,000
Term limits:  8 out of 12 years
Structure
Length of term:   4 years
Authority:  Indiana Constitution, Article 5, the Executive Department
Selection Method:  Elected
Current Officeholder

Governor of Indiana Eric Holcomb
Republican Party
Assumed office: January 9, 2017

Elections
Next election:  November 7, 2028
Last election:  November 5, 2024
Other Indiana Executive Offices
GovernorLieutenant GovernorSecretary of StateAttorney GeneralTreasurerComptrollerExaminerSecretary of EducationAgriculture DirectorInsurance CommissionerNatural Resources DirectorLabor CommissionerUtility Regulatory Commission

The Governor of the State of Indiana is an elected constitutional officer, the head of the executive branch and the highest state office in Indiana. The governor is popularly elected every four years by a plurality and is limited to two consecutive terms with at least a four-year span before the same individual may hold the office again.[1]

Indiana has a Republican trifecta. The Republican Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature.


Indiana has a Republican triplex. The Republican Party controls the offices of governor, secretary of state, and attorney general.

See also: Indiana General Assembly, Indiana House of Representatives, Indiana State Senate

Current officeholder

The 51st and current governor of Indiana is Republican Eric Holcomb.[2] Holcomb won election on November 8, 2016, and was sworn into office on January 9, 2017.[3]

Authority

The state Constitution addresses the office of the governor in Article 5, the Executive Department.

Under Article 5, Section 1:

The executive power of the State shall be vested in a Governor.[1]

Qualifications

State Executives
StateExecLogo.png
Current Governors
Gubernatorial Elections
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Current Lt. Governors
Lt. Governor Elections
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Qualifications for the governorship are set forth in Article 5, Section 7.

To become governor of Indiana, a candidate must have been a United States citizen and lived within Indiana for the period of five consecutive years before the election. The candidate must also be at least 30 years old when sworn into office. Under Section 8, the governor may not hold any other state or federal office during his or her term, and must resign from any such position before being eligible to be sworn in as governor.

Before taking the office, the candidate must swear an oath of office administered by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indiana, promising to uphold the constitution and laws of Indiana.[1]

Elections

Indiana state government organizational chart

Indiana elects governors in the presidential elections, that is, in leap years. For Indiana 2016, 2020, 2024, and 2028 are all gubernatorial election years. Legally, the gubernatorial inauguration is always set for the second Monday in the January following an election (§ 9).

If two candidates are tied, a joint session of the General Assembly shall cast ballots to determine the winner, pursuant to Article 5, Section 5.

2024

See also: Indiana gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2024

General election

General election for Governor of Indiana

Mike Braun defeated Jennifer McCormick, Donald Rainwater, and Christopher Stried in the general election for Governor of Indiana on November 5, 2024.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Mike Braun
Mike Braun (R)
 
55.2
 
895,001
Image of Jennifer McCormick
Jennifer McCormick (D)
 
40.0
 
648,516
Image of Donald Rainwater
Donald Rainwater (L) Candidate Connection
 
4.6
 
74,912
Image of Christopher Stried
Christopher Stried (Independent) (Write-in) Candidate Connection
 
0.2
 
3,939

Total votes: 1,622,368
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Governor of Indiana

Jennifer McCormick advanced from the Democratic primary for Governor of Indiana on May 7, 2024.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Jennifer McCormick
Jennifer McCormick
 
100.0
 
180,577

Total votes: 180,577
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary election

Republican primary for Governor of Indiana

The following candidates ran in the Republican primary for Governor of Indiana on May 7, 2024.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Mike Braun
Mike Braun
 
39.5
 
237,125
Image of Suzanne Crouch
Suzanne Crouch
 
21.7
 
130,219
Image of Brad Chambers
Brad Chambers
 
17.5
 
104,723
Image of Eric Doden
Eric Doden
 
11.8
 
71,031
Image of Jamie Reitenour
Jamie Reitenour Candidate Connection
 
4.8
 
28,774
Image of Curtis Hill
Curtis Hill
 
4.6
 
27,750

Total votes: 599,622
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Libertarian convention

Libertarian convention for Governor of Indiana

Donald Rainwater defeated Rhonda Greene in the Libertarian convention for Governor of Indiana on March 2, 2024.

Candidate
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Rhonda Greene (L)
Image of Donald Rainwater
Donald Rainwater (L) Candidate Connection

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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2020

See also: Indiana gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2020

General election

General election for Governor of Indiana

Incumbent Eric Holcomb defeated Woody Myers and Donald Rainwater in the general election for Governor of Indiana on November 3, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Eric Holcomb
Eric Holcomb (R)
 
56.5
 
1,706,724
Image of Woody Myers
Woody Myers (D)
 
32.1
 
968,092
Image of Donald Rainwater
Donald Rainwater (L)
 
11.4
 
345,567

Total votes: 3,020,383
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Governor of Indiana

Woody Myers advanced from the Democratic primary for Governor of Indiana on June 2, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Woody Myers
Woody Myers
 
100.0
 
408,230

Total votes: 408,230
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary election

Republican primary for Governor of Indiana

Incumbent Eric Holcomb advanced from the Republican primary for Governor of Indiana on June 2, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Eric Holcomb
Eric Holcomb
 
100.0
 
524,496

Total votes: 524,496
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Libertarian convention

Libertarian convention for Governor of Indiana

Donald Rainwater advanced from the Libertarian convention for Governor of Indiana on March 7, 2020.

Candidate
Image of Donald Rainwater
Donald Rainwater (L)

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

2016

See also: Indiana gubernatorial election, 2016

The general election for governor was held on November 8, 2016.

Eric Holcomb and Suzanne Crouch defeated John Gregg and Christina Hale, Rex Bell and Karl Tatgenhorst, Christopher Stried, and Adam Adkins in the Indiana governor election.

Indiana Governor, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.png Eric Holcomb and Suzanne Crouch 51.4% 1,396,460
     Democratic John Gregg and Christina Hale 45.4% 1,234,546
     Libertarian Rex Bell and Karl Tatgenhorst 3.2% 86,964
     Independent Adam Adkins 0.00% 14
     Independent Christopher Stried 0.00% 8
Total Votes 2,717,992
Source: Indiana Election Division

2012

See also: Indiana gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2012


On November 6, 2012, Mike Pence and Sue Ellspermann won election as Governor and Lieutenant Governor of Indiana. They defeated the Gregg/Simpson (D), Boneham/Klopfenstein (L) and Harris/Fish (I) ticket(s) in the general election.

Governor and Lieutenant Governor of Indiana, 2012
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngMike Pence & Sue Ellspermann 49.5% 1,275,424
     Democratic John Gregg & Vi Simpson 46.6% 1,200,016
     Libertarian Rupert Boneham & Brad Klopfenstein 4% 101,868
     Independent Donnie Harold Harris & George Fish 0% 21
Total Votes 2,577,329
Election Results Via: via Indiana Secretary of State

Term limits

See also: States with gubernatorial term limits

Indiana governors are restricted to eight years in office during any 12-year period.

Indiana Constitution, Article 5, Section 1

The executive power of the State shall be vested in a Governor. He shall hold his office during four years, and shall not be eligible more than eight years in any period of twelve years.[1]

Partisan composition

The chart below shows the partisan breakdown of Indiana governors from 1992 to 2013.
Governor of Indiana Partisanship.PNG

Vacancies

See also: How gubernatorial vacancies are filled

Details of vacancies are addressed under Article 5, Section 10.

If the governor becomes incapacitated then the lieutenant governor of Indiana becomes acting-governor until his or her recovery. If the governor resigns, dies, or is impeached, tried, and convicted, then the lieutenant governor becomes governor.

If the office of the lieutenant governor is vacant, then the Senate Pro-Tempore becomes governor. If the office of Senate Pro-Tempore is also vacant then the senate must elect a new Pro-Tempore to fill the governor's office.

The governor may temporarily step aside if he or she communicates that he or she is unable to discharge the office to both the President Pro-Tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives. The same two individuals may file a petition with the Indiana Supreme Court asking for a hearing of fitness for office for the Governor. In that case, the hearing must be held within 48 hours and the Supreme Court's decision is final.

If the governor and lieutenant governor both vacate their offices, the General Assembly must meet within 48 hours and elect an acting governor, who must belong to the same party as the elected governor, by a simple majority in each chamber. Until then, the acting governor shall be, in order of succession:

  • the President Pro-Tempore of the Senate
  • the Speaker of the House of Representatives

Duties

Indiana

The Governor of Indiana has wide-ranging executive authority to manage the government of the state and is the chief executive of the executive branch of the state government. These powers are established in the Indiana Constitution. The governor works in concert with the Indiana General Assembly and the Supreme Court of Indiana to govern the state. As an independent branch, the governor has the ability to balance the other branches. Among these abilities is the power to veto legislation passed by the Indiana General Assembly. If vetoed, a bill is returned to the General Assembly for reconsideration where they may override the veto with a simple majority. The governor also has the ability to call a special session of the General Assembly, who can otherwise not assemble longer than is permitted by the constitution.

The governor can influence the courts by using the appointment power. The Indiana Judicial Nominating Commission creates a list of three candidates from which the governor chooses one who will serve on the state courts. This authority gives the governor considerable sway in setting the makeup of the judiciary.

Among his other powers, the governor can call out the state defense force or the Indiana National Guard in times of emergency or disaster. The governor is also charged with the enforcement of all the state's laws and the Indiana Code which is carried out through the Indiana State Police. The governor also has the ability to pardon or commute the sentence of any criminal offenders except in cases of treason or impeachment.[1]

Other duties and privileges of the office include:

  • Periodically addressing the General Assembly concerning the State of the State and making recommendations for prudent courses of action (§ 13).
  • Requiring written information from any administrative officer of the state concerning their job and the conditions of their institutions (§ 15).
  • Granting pardons and reprieves, in consultation with a special legislative commission when called for by law. The privilege of granting pardons does not grant to impeachment or treason, though the Governor may suspend the execution of a treason sentence until the legislative sits again and reviews the case (§ 17).
  • Filling vacancies in the Courts and in other state offices when the manner for doing so is not otherwise set forth in law, and, when the General Assembly is in recess, making any vacancy appointments that would normally be the prerogative of the legislature (§ 18).
  • Reconvening the General Assembly at a place other than its normal chambers for extraordinary reasons (§ 19).

Divisions

Updated January 17, 2021

The website of the Governor of Indiana details the following three offices within his Cabinet:

  • Office of Management and Budget
  • Indiana Office of Technology
  • Office of Faith-based and Community Initiatives

State budget

See also: Indiana state budget and finances

Role in state budget

The state operates on a biennial budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[4]

  1. In early Summer of the year preceding the beginning of the new biennium, budget instructions are sent to state agencies.
  2. By September 1, agencies submit their budget requests to the governor.
  3. Hearings are held with the public from November to April.
  4. The governor submits his or her budget to the state legislature in January.
  5. The legislature typically adopts a budget in April, effective for the fiscal biennium beginning in July. A simple majority is required to pass a budget.

There are no constitutional or statutory provisions mandating that the governor submit or sign a balanced budget. Budget deficits may be carried over to the next biennium.[4]

Indiana is one of six states in which the governor cannot exercise line item veto authority.[4][5]

Governor's office budget

The Governor's Office budget was $8,390,000 for the 2025 fiscal year.[6]

Compensation

See also: Comparison of gubernatorial salaries and Compensation of state executive officers

The salary of the governor is determined by the Indiana State Legislature as mandated in the state constitution. Article 5, Section 22 of the Indiana Constitution also prohibits changes to salary during the governor's current term.

Article 5, Section 22 of the Indiana Constitution

Text of Section 22:

Compensation of Governor

The Governor shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished, during the term for which he shall have been elected.[1]

In 2007, the Indiana Senate passed SB 401, which tied annual salary increases to increases received by state employees. State executive officials are not eligible for salary increases if state employees do not receive increases to their salaries. The governor's salary is adjusted every four years with the increase taking effect the year following the most recent gubernatorial election.[7]

2022

In 2022, the officer's salary was $134,051, according to the Council of State Governments.[8]

2021

In 2021, the governor received a salary of $134,051, according to the Council of State Governments.[9]

2020

In 2020, the governor received a salary of $121,331, according to the Council of State Governments.[10]

2019

In 2019, the governor received a salary of $121,331, according to the Council of State Governments.[11]

2018

In 2018, the governor received a salary of $121,331, according to the Council of State Governments.[12]

2017

In 2017, the governor received a salary of $121,331, according to the Council of State Governments.[13]

2016

In 2016, the governor received a salary of $111,688, according to the Council of State Governments.[14]

2015

In 2015, the governor received a salary of $111,688, according to the Council of State Governments.[15]

2014

In 2014, the governor received a salary of $111,688, according to the Council of State Governments.[16]

2013

In 2013, the governor's salary was increased to $111,688, according to the Council of State Governments.[17]

2012

As of 2012, the governor received a salary of $107,881, according to the Council of State Governments.

Historical officeholders

Since 1816, Indiana has had 51 governors. Of the 51, 21 have been Democrats, 23 have been Republicans, three were Democratic-Republicans, three were Whigs and one was Independent. Prior to becoming a state on December 11, 1816, three men - William Henry Harrison, John Gibson, and Thomas Posey - served as Governor of the Indiana Territory from 1800-1816.[18]

# Name Term of office Party
1 Jonathan Jennings November 7, 1816-September 12, 1822 Democratic-Republican
2 Ratliff Boon September 12, 1822-December 5, 1822 Democratic-Republican
3 William Hendricks December 5, 1822-February 12, 1825 Democratic-Republican
4 James Brown Ray February 12, 1825-December 7, 1831 Independent
5 Noah Noble December 7, 1831-December 6, 1837 Whig
6 David Wallace December 6, 1837-December 9, 1840 Whig
7 Samuel Bigger December 9, 1840-December 6, 1843 Whig
8 James Whitcomb December 6, 1843-December 26, 1848 Democratic
9 Paris Chipman Dunning December 26, 1848-December 5, 1849 Democratic
10 Joseph Albert Wright December 5, 1849-January 12, 1857 Democratic
11 Ashbel Parsons Willard January 12, 1857-October 4, 1860 Democratic
12 Abram Adams Hammond October 4, 1860-January 14, 1861 Democratic
13 Henry Smith Lane January 14, 1861-January 16, 1861 Republican
14 Oliver Perry Morton January 16, 1861-January 23, 1867 Republican
15 Conrad Baker January 23, 1867-January 13, 1873 Republican
16 Thomas Andrews Hendricks January 13, 1873-January 8, 1877 Democratic
17 James Douglas Williams January 8, 1877-November 20, 1880 Democratic
18 Isaac Pusey Gray November 20, 1880-January 10, 1881 Democratic
19 Albert Gallatin Porter January 10, 1881-January 12, 1885 Republican
20 Isaac Pusey Gray January 12, 1885-January 14, 1889 Democratic
21 Alvin Peterson Hovey January 14, 1889-November 23, 1891 Republican
22 Ira Joy Chase November 23, 1891-January 9, 1893 Republican
23 Claude Matthews January 9, 1893-January 11, 1897 Democratic
24 James Atwell Mount January 11, 1897-January 14, 1901 Republican
25 Winfield Taylor Durbin January 14, 1901-January 9, 1905 Republican
26 James Frank Hanly January 9, 1905-January 11, 1909 Republican
27 Thomas Riley Marshall January 11, 1909-January 13, 1913 Democratic
28 Samuel Moffett Ralston January 13, 1913-January 8, 1917 Democratic
29 James Putnam Goodrich January 8, 1917-January 10, 1921 Republican
30 Warren Terry McCray January 10, 1921-April 30, 1924 Republican
31 Emmett Forrest Branch April 30, 1924-January 12, 1925 Republican
32 Edward L. Jackson January 12, 1925-January 14, 1929 Republican
33 Harry Guyer Leslie January 14, 1929-January 9, 1933 Republican
34 Paul Vories McNutt January 9, 1933-January 11, 1937 Democratic
35 Maurice Clifford Townsend January 11, 1937-January 13, 1941 Democratic
36 Henry Frederick Schricker January 13, 1941-January 8, 1945 Democratic
37 Ralph F. Gates January 8, 1945-January 10, 1949 Republican
38 Henry Frederick Schricker January 10, 1949-January 12, 1953 Democratic
39 George N. Craig January 12, 1953-January 14, 1957 Republican
40 Harold W. Handley January 14, 1957-January 9, 1961 Republican
41 Matthew E. Welsh January 9, 1961-January 11, 1965 Democratic
42 Roger D. Branigin January 11, 1965-January 13, 1969 Democratic
43 Edgar D. Whitcomb January 13, 1969-January 9, 1973 Republican
44 Otis R. Bowen January 9, 1973-January 13, 1981 Republican
45 Robert D. Orr January 13, 1981-January 9, 1989 Republican
46 Evan Bayh January 9, 1989-January 13, 1997 Democratic
47 Frank O'Bannon January 13, 1997-September 13, 2003 Democratic
48 Joseph E. Kernan September 13, 2003-January 10, 2005 Democratic
49 Mitch Daniels January 10, 2005-January 14, 2013 Republican
50 Mike Pence January 14, 2013-January 9, 2017 Republican
51 Eric Holcomb January 9, 2017 - Present Republican

History

Partisan balance 1992-2013

Who Runs the States Project
See also: Ballotpedia:Who Runs the States and Ballotpedia:Who Runs the States, Indiana
Partisan breakdown of the Indiana governorship from 1992-2013

From 1992-2013, Indiana had Democratic governors in office for the first 13 years while there were Republican governors in office for the last nine years. Indiana was under Republican trifectas for the last three years of the study period.

Across the country, there were 493 years of Democratic governors (44.82%) and 586 years of Republican governors (53.27%) from 1992 to 2013.

Over the course of the 22-year study, state governments became increasingly more partisan. At the outset of the study period (1992), 18 of the 49 states with partisan legislatures had single-party trifectas and 31 states had divided governments. In 2013, only 13 states had divided governments, while single-party trifectas held sway in 36 states, the most in the 22 years studied.

The chart below shows the partisan composition of the Office of the Governor of Indiana, the Indiana State Senate and the Indiana House of Representatives from 1992 to 2013.

Partisan composition of Indiana state government(1992-2013).PNG

SQLI and partisanship

The chart below depicts the partisanship of the Indiana state government and the state's SQLI ranking for the years studied. For the SQLI, the states were ranked from 1-50, with 1 being the best and 50 the worst. Indiana had a long period of divided government between 1992 and 2004 until the arrival of a Republican trifecta in 2005. Indiana reverted back to divided government between 2007 and 2010 before reverting yet again to a Republican trifecta in 2011. The state has never had a Democratic trifecta. Indiana’s highest SQLI ranking came in 1995 (12th) under divided government, while the state’s lowest SQLI ranking came in 2009 (34th), also under divided government. The state’s greatest leap in the ranking occurred between 1994 and 1995, where Indiana rose seven spots. Its greatest decline in the ranking occurred between 2003 and 2004, where the state dropped seven spots.

  • SQLI average with Democratic trifecta: N/A
  • SQLI average with Republican trifecta: 29.25
  • SQLI average with divided government: 20.82
Chart displaying the partisanship of Indiana government from 1992-2013 and the State Quality of Life Index (SQLI).

State profile

Demographic data for Indiana
 IndianaU.S.
Total population:6,612,768316,515,021
Land area (sq mi):35,8263,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White:84.2%73.6%
Black/African American:9.2%12.6%
Asian:1.9%5.1%
Native American:0.2%0.8%
Pacific Islander:0%0.2%
Two or more:2.2%3%
Hispanic/Latino:6.4%17.1%
Education
High school graduation rate:87.8%86.7%
College graduation rate:24.1%29.8%
Income
Median household income:$49,255$53,889
Persons below poverty level:18.4%11.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015)
Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Indiana.
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.

Presidential voting pattern

See also: Presidential voting trends in Indiana

Indiana voted Republican in five out of the six presidential elections between 2000 and 2020.

Pivot Counties (2016)

Ballotpedia identified 206 counties that voted for Donald Trump (R) in 2016 after voting for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012. Collectively, Trump won these Pivot Counties by more than 580,000 votes. Of these 206 counties, five are located in Indiana, accounting for 2.43 percent of the total pivot counties.[19]

Pivot Counties (2020)

In 2020, Ballotpedia re-examined the 206 Pivot Counties to view their voting patterns following that year's presidential election. Ballotpedia defined those won by Trump won as Retained Pivot Counties and those won by Joe Biden (D) as Boomerang Pivot Counties. Nationwide, there were 181 Retained Pivot Counties and 25 Boomerang Pivot Counties. Indiana had five Retained Pivot Counties, 2.76 percent of all Retained Pivot Counties.

More Indiana coverage on Ballotpedia

Contact information

Office of the Governor
Statehouse
Indianapolis, Indiana 46204-2797
Phone: 317-232-4567

See also

External links

Footnotes

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Indiana General Assembly, "Constitution of Indiana," accessed January 17, 2021
  2. Indiana.gov, "About Governor Eric J Holcomb," accessed January 17, 2021
  3. Indianapolis Star, "Holcomb sworn in as Indiana's 51st governor," January 9, 2017
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
  5. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Separation of Powers: Executive Veto Powers," accessed January 26, 2024
  6. Indiana State Budget Agency, "2023-2025 The Whole Budget Report," accessed December 6, 2023
  7. Vote Smart, "SB 401 - Legislator Salary Adjustment - Indiana Key Vote," accessed January 17, 2021
  8. Council of State Governments, "Book of the States 2022 Table 4.11: Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries," provided to Ballotpedia by CSG personnel
  9. Issuu, "The Book of the States 2021," accessed September 22, 2022
  10. Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2020," accessed January 17, 2021
  11. Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2019," accessed January 17, 2021
  12. Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2018," accessed January 17, 2021
  13. Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2017," accessed January 17, 2021
  14. Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2016," accessed January 17, 2021
  15. Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2015," accessed January 17, 2021
  16. Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries," accessed January 17, 2021
  17. Council of State Governments, "CSG Releases 2013 Governor Salaries," January 17, 2021
  18. National Governors Association, "Former Indiana Governors," accessed January 17, 2021
  19. The raw data for this study was provided by Dave Leip of Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.