Depressive symptoms among Latina/o youth are associated with higher bicultural stress, such as ou... more Depressive symptoms among Latina/o youth are associated with higher bicultural stress, such as outgroup discrimination, ingroup marginalization, speaking only one language in dual language contexts, and family cultural conflict. However, the relation between bicultural stress and hopelessness or depressive symptoms may vary among Mexican descent adolescents. In particular, ethnic identity status, based on ethnic exploration and ethnic resolution, may protect or increase vulnerability to bicultural stressors. Participants included 522 Mexican descent adolescents (53.1% female; age range 14 to 18 years: M = 16.22 years, SD = 1.09 years) who completed a self-report survey at a school on the U.S./Mexico border with 97% Latina/o concentration. Three ethnic identity statuses (diffused, foreclosed, and achieved) were identified in this sample using cluster analysis based on ethnic identity exploration and resolution. A multiple group path analysis found that more hopelessness was significantly associated with more bicultural stress among diffused and achieved youth. Depressive symptoms were associated with bicultural stress only for achieved youth. Diffused ethnic identity youth reported the highest rates of hopelessness, and they reported more hopelessness when they reported higher rates of bicultural stress. Contrary to hypotheses, achieved ethnic identity status youth reported a significant association between bicultural stress and both hopelessness and depressive symptoms. Our results suggest that achieved ethnic identity may not necessarily be an unmitigated protective factor, particularly when considering intragroup marginalization in areas of high Latina/o concentration. Síntomas de depresión en adolecentes latino/as están asociados con estrés bicultural, tal como discriminación de otros grupos sociales, marginación entre sus propio grupo étnico, hablando solo un idioma en situaciones bilingües, y conflictos culturales entre familia. Sin embargo, la relación entre estrés bicultural y desesperación o síntomas depresivos puede variar en adolecentes de descendencia Mexicana. En particular, estatus de identidad étnico, basado en exploración étnica y resolución étnica, puede proteger contra o aumentar la vulnerabilidad al estresor bicultural. Participantes incluido son 522 adolescentes de descendencia Mexicana (53.1% féminas; las edades de participantes están entre 14 y 18: M = 16.22 años, SD = 1.09 años) quienes completaron una encuesta autoinforme en sus escuelas cerca de la frontera entre Estados Unidos y México donde hay un concentración de 97% de estudiantes Latino/as. Identificaron tres estatus de identidad étnico (difusión de identidad, identidad hipotecada, logro de identidad) en esta prueba usando análisis de conglomerados basado en exploración étnica y resolución étnica. Un análisis de grupos múltiples indicó que la asociación entre la desesperación e estrés bicultural era estadísticamente significante para adolescentes en los estatus de difusión de identidad, o logro de identidad. La asociación entre síntomas de depresión e estrés bicultural solamente existe en adolecentes en el estatus de logro. Adolecentes con identidad étnico hipotecada reportaron los niveles más altos de desesperación, y reportaron más desesperación cuando reportaron niveles altos de estrés bicultural. Contrario a la hipótesis, adolecentes en el estatus de logro de identidad étnico reportaron una asociación significativa entre estrés bicultural y ambos desesperación y síntomas depresivos. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el estatus de logro de identidad étnico quizás no es un factor protector, particularmente en situaciones de marginación entre su propio grupo social con altas concentraciones de Latino/as.
This chapter discusses the concepts of acculturative and bicultural stress, the theory and method... more This chapter discusses the concepts of acculturative and bicultural stress, the theory and method behind the measurement, and the implications of the US immigration policy context for stress. The central sources of acculturative and bicultural stress are reviewed, including intergroup discrimination, language stress, intragroup marginalization, and family cultural conflict. In particular, literature is reviewed that examines the association between mental health and acculturative or bicultural stress. Extant research does demonstrate that degree of stress varies for individuals and that acculturative/bicultural stress is experienced not only by immigrants but also by minorities in the United States. Therefore, the present chapter reviews literature that connects the acculturative/bicultural stress process across generations. The immigration context is considered for future research in the area of acculturation and stress.
Since the 1960s, in comparison to other ethnic and gender groups , a higher rate of depression an... more Since the 1960s, in comparison to other ethnic and gender groups , a higher rate of depression and suicide ideation has been documented for Latina girls. This Brief offers a concise summary of contemporary research on this critical topic. Among the considerations are the influence of bullying, families, immigration, and culture on Latina adolescent mental health. Presenting cutting-edge multiracial feminist frameworks for new and existing empirical findings, this book serves to guide the future research agenda on this topic. Clinical recommendations are also included.https://epublications.marquette.edu/marq_fac-book/1142/thumbnail.jp
ObjectiveThe present study investigates associations between bicultural stress, coping, and respo... more ObjectiveThe present study investigates associations between bicultural stress, coping, and responses to stress (RTS) in relation to depressive symptoms and self‐esteem for Mexican‐descent and non‐Latinx White college students.MethodWith a sample of 268 Mexican‐descent and non‐Latinx White college students, two multiple‐mediation path models and two moderation models are examined.ResultsThe hypothesized mediation models were both supported indicating higher bicultural stress is associated with higher reporting of engaged and disengaged forms of coping and RTS. Engaged coping was associated with mental health resiliency while disengaged coping and RTS contributed to vulnerability. Disengaged and secondary engaged coping were mediators in the depressive symptoms and self‐esteem models. In terms of moderation, disengaged coping and RTS were both moderators in the bicultural stress–depressive symptoms relationships.ConclusionsCollege students' reactions to bicultural stress may eith...
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2020
BACKGROUND The Acculturative Process and Context Framework (Ward & Geeraert, 2016) proposes t... more BACKGROUND The Acculturative Process and Context Framework (Ward & Geeraert, 2016) proposes that acculturative stressors influence psychological well-being over time. In fact, extant literature has linked bicultural stress with psychological functioning; yet, no studies have explored the causal dominance of bicultural stress. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the directionality of prospective relations among bicultural stress and psychosocial functioning (i.e., depressive symptoms, hopefulness, and self-esteem) in Latinx immigrant adolescents across 5 waves. METHOD There were 303 Latinx adolescents who were recruited for this study from Los Angeles and Miami and were assessed across 5 waves at 6-month intervals. Adolescents were 14.50 years old on average (SD = .88) and 53.16% were male. Adolescents reported living in the United States for 2.07 years on average (SD = 1.87). A Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) was used to examine the between- and within-person relations among bicultural stress, depressive symptoms, hopefulness, and self-esteem in a comprehensive model. RESULTS The comprehensive RI-CLPM including bicultural stress, depressive symptoms, hopefulness, and self-esteem exhibited excellent model fit. Between-person, trait-like relations among constructs ranged from small to large, as expected. Within-person, cross-lagged estimates among constructs were overall inconsistent, with some evidence that, within individuals, self-esteem influences later hopefulness. CONCLUSION Findings from this study indicate that the RI-CLPM is an effective strategy to examine bicultural stress and well-being processes among adolescents. There is a need for further research examining bicultural stress among Latinx immigrant youth, particularly within prevention and intervention studies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Latino/a youth have reported the highest rates of suicide attempts compared to White and African ... more Latino/a youth have reported the highest rates of suicide attempts compared to White and African American youth for over 40 years. The data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) cross-sectional subsamples of Latino/a youth (N = 13,378) at every year of data collection between 2005 and 2015 were examined for bullying, gun carrying, and suicidality. Results indicate that Latina girls are significantly more likely than boys to make a suicide attempt and report more bullying and more cyberbullying, but are less likely to carry a gun. Being bullied or carrying a gun were significantly associated with greater likelihood of suicide attempt among both boys and girls. Youth who carried a gun overall had higher rates of suicide attempts whether they were bullied or not, whereas youth who did not carry a gun were significantly more likely to attempt suicide if they were bullied. Over the past 10 years, gun carrying has decreased significantly for Latino boys and suicide atte...
ABSTRACT Guided by the interpersonal theory of suicide, this study examines the associations betw... more ABSTRACT Guided by the interpersonal theory of suicide, this study examines the associations between gun carrying, bullying, and suicidal behaviors among high school students. Arizona Youth Risk Behavior Surveys were completed by 2,677 students in 2011; 9.0% reported suicide attempt in the past year, 5.5% carried a gun in the past 30 days, 8.5% were involved in school bullying, and 3.9% in cyberbullying. After accounting for depressive symptoms and self-harm, multiple linear regression results demonstrate that youth who carried a gun in the past 30 days were 3.98 times more likely to attempt suicide. Bullying was not associated with suicide attempt; however, youth report being 1.55 times more likely to make a suicide plan if they were bullied in school, 1.89 times more likely if cyberbullied, and .48 less likely if a cyberbully/victim. Results support the interpersonal theory of suicide; implications for school policies on gun carrying and bullying are discussed.
Depressive symptoms among Latina/o youth are associated with higher bicultural stress, such as ou... more Depressive symptoms among Latina/o youth are associated with higher bicultural stress, such as outgroup discrimination, ingroup marginalization, speaking only one language in dual language contexts, and family cultural conflict. However, the relation between bicultural stress and hopelessness or depressive symptoms may vary among Mexican descent adolescents. In particular, ethnic identity status, based on ethnic exploration and ethnic resolution, may protect or increase vulnerability to bicultural stressors. Participants included 522 Mexican descent adolescents (53.1% female; age range 14 to 18 years: M = 16.22 years, SD = 1.09 years) who completed a self-report survey at a school on the U.S./Mexico border with 97% Latina/o concentration. Three ethnic identity statuses (diffused, foreclosed, and achieved) were identified in this sample using cluster analysis based on ethnic identity exploration and resolution. A multiple group path analysis found that more hopelessness was significantly associated with more bicultural stress among diffused and achieved youth. Depressive symptoms were associated with bicultural stress only for achieved youth. Diffused ethnic identity youth reported the highest rates of hopelessness, and they reported more hopelessness when they reported higher rates of bicultural stress. Contrary to hypotheses, achieved ethnic identity status youth reported a significant association between bicultural stress and both hopelessness and depressive symptoms. Our results suggest that achieved ethnic identity may not necessarily be an unmitigated protective factor, particularly when considering intragroup marginalization in areas of high Latina/o concentration. Síntomas de depresión en adolecentes latino/as están asociados con estrés bicultural, tal como discriminación de otros grupos sociales, marginación entre sus propio grupo étnico, hablando solo un idioma en situaciones bilingües, y conflictos culturales entre familia. Sin embargo, la relación entre estrés bicultural y desesperación o síntomas depresivos puede variar en adolecentes de descendencia Mexicana. En particular, estatus de identidad étnico, basado en exploración étnica y resolución étnica, puede proteger contra o aumentar la vulnerabilidad al estresor bicultural. Participantes incluido son 522 adolescentes de descendencia Mexicana (53.1% féminas; las edades de participantes están entre 14 y 18: M = 16.22 años, SD = 1.09 años) quienes completaron una encuesta autoinforme en sus escuelas cerca de la frontera entre Estados Unidos y México donde hay un concentración de 97% de estudiantes Latino/as. Identificaron tres estatus de identidad étnico (difusión de identidad, identidad hipotecada, logro de identidad) en esta prueba usando análisis de conglomerados basado en exploración étnica y resolución étnica. Un análisis de grupos múltiples indicó que la asociación entre la desesperación e estrés bicultural era estadísticamente significante para adolescentes en los estatus de difusión de identidad, o logro de identidad. La asociación entre síntomas de depresión e estrés bicultural solamente existe en adolecentes en el estatus de logro. Adolecentes con identidad étnico hipotecada reportaron los niveles más altos de desesperación, y reportaron más desesperación cuando reportaron niveles altos de estrés bicultural. Contrario a la hipótesis, adolecentes en el estatus de logro de identidad étnico reportaron una asociación significativa entre estrés bicultural y ambos desesperación y síntomas depresivos. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el estatus de logro de identidad étnico quizás no es un factor protector, particularmente en situaciones de marginación entre su propio grupo social con altas concentraciones de Latino/as.
This chapter discusses the concepts of acculturative and bicultural stress, the theory and method... more This chapter discusses the concepts of acculturative and bicultural stress, the theory and method behind the measurement, and the implications of the US immigration policy context for stress. The central sources of acculturative and bicultural stress are reviewed, including intergroup discrimination, language stress, intragroup marginalization, and family cultural conflict. In particular, literature is reviewed that examines the association between mental health and acculturative or bicultural stress. Extant research does demonstrate that degree of stress varies for individuals and that acculturative/bicultural stress is experienced not only by immigrants but also by minorities in the United States. Therefore, the present chapter reviews literature that connects the acculturative/bicultural stress process across generations. The immigration context is considered for future research in the area of acculturation and stress.
Since the 1960s, in comparison to other ethnic and gender groups , a higher rate of depression an... more Since the 1960s, in comparison to other ethnic and gender groups , a higher rate of depression and suicide ideation has been documented for Latina girls. This Brief offers a concise summary of contemporary research on this critical topic. Among the considerations are the influence of bullying, families, immigration, and culture on Latina adolescent mental health. Presenting cutting-edge multiracial feminist frameworks for new and existing empirical findings, this book serves to guide the future research agenda on this topic. Clinical recommendations are also included.https://epublications.marquette.edu/marq_fac-book/1142/thumbnail.jp
ObjectiveThe present study investigates associations between bicultural stress, coping, and respo... more ObjectiveThe present study investigates associations between bicultural stress, coping, and responses to stress (RTS) in relation to depressive symptoms and self‐esteem for Mexican‐descent and non‐Latinx White college students.MethodWith a sample of 268 Mexican‐descent and non‐Latinx White college students, two multiple‐mediation path models and two moderation models are examined.ResultsThe hypothesized mediation models were both supported indicating higher bicultural stress is associated with higher reporting of engaged and disengaged forms of coping and RTS. Engaged coping was associated with mental health resiliency while disengaged coping and RTS contributed to vulnerability. Disengaged and secondary engaged coping were mediators in the depressive symptoms and self‐esteem models. In terms of moderation, disengaged coping and RTS were both moderators in the bicultural stress–depressive symptoms relationships.ConclusionsCollege students' reactions to bicultural stress may eith...
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2020
BACKGROUND The Acculturative Process and Context Framework (Ward & Geeraert, 2016) proposes t... more BACKGROUND The Acculturative Process and Context Framework (Ward & Geeraert, 2016) proposes that acculturative stressors influence psychological well-being over time. In fact, extant literature has linked bicultural stress with psychological functioning; yet, no studies have explored the causal dominance of bicultural stress. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the directionality of prospective relations among bicultural stress and psychosocial functioning (i.e., depressive symptoms, hopefulness, and self-esteem) in Latinx immigrant adolescents across 5 waves. METHOD There were 303 Latinx adolescents who were recruited for this study from Los Angeles and Miami and were assessed across 5 waves at 6-month intervals. Adolescents were 14.50 years old on average (SD = .88) and 53.16% were male. Adolescents reported living in the United States for 2.07 years on average (SD = 1.87). A Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) was used to examine the between- and within-person relations among bicultural stress, depressive symptoms, hopefulness, and self-esteem in a comprehensive model. RESULTS The comprehensive RI-CLPM including bicultural stress, depressive symptoms, hopefulness, and self-esteem exhibited excellent model fit. Between-person, trait-like relations among constructs ranged from small to large, as expected. Within-person, cross-lagged estimates among constructs were overall inconsistent, with some evidence that, within individuals, self-esteem influences later hopefulness. CONCLUSION Findings from this study indicate that the RI-CLPM is an effective strategy to examine bicultural stress and well-being processes among adolescents. There is a need for further research examining bicultural stress among Latinx immigrant youth, particularly within prevention and intervention studies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Latino/a youth have reported the highest rates of suicide attempts compared to White and African ... more Latino/a youth have reported the highest rates of suicide attempts compared to White and African American youth for over 40 years. The data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) cross-sectional subsamples of Latino/a youth (N = 13,378) at every year of data collection between 2005 and 2015 were examined for bullying, gun carrying, and suicidality. Results indicate that Latina girls are significantly more likely than boys to make a suicide attempt and report more bullying and more cyberbullying, but are less likely to carry a gun. Being bullied or carrying a gun were significantly associated with greater likelihood of suicide attempt among both boys and girls. Youth who carried a gun overall had higher rates of suicide attempts whether they were bullied or not, whereas youth who did not carry a gun were significantly more likely to attempt suicide if they were bullied. Over the past 10 years, gun carrying has decreased significantly for Latino boys and suicide atte...
ABSTRACT Guided by the interpersonal theory of suicide, this study examines the associations betw... more ABSTRACT Guided by the interpersonal theory of suicide, this study examines the associations between gun carrying, bullying, and suicidal behaviors among high school students. Arizona Youth Risk Behavior Surveys were completed by 2,677 students in 2011; 9.0% reported suicide attempt in the past year, 5.5% carried a gun in the past 30 days, 8.5% were involved in school bullying, and 3.9% in cyberbullying. After accounting for depressive symptoms and self-harm, multiple linear regression results demonstrate that youth who carried a gun in the past 30 days were 3.98 times more likely to attempt suicide. Bullying was not associated with suicide attempt; however, youth report being 1.55 times more likely to make a suicide plan if they were bullied in school, 1.89 times more likely if cyberbullied, and .48 less likely if a cyberbully/victim. Results support the interpersonal theory of suicide; implications for school policies on gun carrying and bullying are discussed.
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