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Self-Alignment Pretraining for Biomedical Entity Representations

Fangyu Liu, Ehsan Shareghi, Zaiqiao Meng, Marco Basaldella, Nigel Collier


Abstract
Despite the widespread success of self-supervised learning via masked language models (MLM), accurately capturing fine-grained semantic relationships in the biomedical domain remains a challenge. This is of paramount importance for entity-level tasks such as entity linking where the ability to model entity relations (especially synonymy) is pivotal. To address this challenge, we propose SapBERT, a pretraining scheme that self-aligns the representation space of biomedical entities. We design a scalable metric learning framework that can leverage UMLS, a massive collection of biomedical ontologies with 4M+ concepts. In contrast with previous pipeline-based hybrid systems, SapBERT offers an elegant one-model-for-all solution to the problem of medical entity linking (MEL), achieving a new state-of-the-art (SOTA) on six MEL benchmarking datasets. In the scientific domain, we achieve SOTA even without task-specific supervision. With substantial improvement over various domain-specific pretrained MLMs such as BioBERT, SciBERTand and PubMedBERT, our pretraining scheme proves to be both effective and robust.
Anthology ID:
2021.naacl-main.334
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies
Month:
June
Year:
2021
Address:
Online
Editors:
Kristina Toutanova, Anna Rumshisky, Luke Zettlemoyer, Dilek Hakkani-Tur, Iz Beltagy, Steven Bethard, Ryan Cotterell, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Yichao Zhou
Venue:
NAACL
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
4228–4238
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2021.naacl-main.334
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2021.naacl-main.334
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Fangyu Liu, Ehsan Shareghi, Zaiqiao Meng, Marco Basaldella, and Nigel Collier. 2021. Self-Alignment Pretraining for Biomedical Entity Representations. In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, pages 4228–4238, Online. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Self-Alignment Pretraining for Biomedical Entity Representations (Liu et al., NAACL 2021)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2021.naacl-main.334.pdf
Video:
 https://aclanthology.org/2021.naacl-main.334.mp4
Code
 cambridgeltl/sapbert
Data
BLUECOMETAMedMentions