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{{Infobox settlement
{{unreferenced|time=2008-12-5}}
| name = 苏拉特
| native_name = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[大都市]]
| image_skyline = File:Bharthana Althan area.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = 苏拉特
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India
| pushpin_label_position = Right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = 苏拉特在印度的位置
| coordinates = {{coord|21|10|12.864|N|72|49|51.819|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[印度的邦和中央直辖区]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[印度县级行政区划]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[官方语言]]
| subdivision_type4 = Zone
| subdivision_name1 = [[古吉拉特邦]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[苏拉特县]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[古吉拉特语]]<!-- Do not add Hindi, Ahirani, Marathi, Kannada, or English here -->
| subdivision_name4 = 7
| established_title =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[市长-议会制政府]]
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 326.515
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 13
| population_total = 4,467,797
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census">{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook - Surat|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2425_PART_B_DCHB_SURAT.pdf|website=Census of India|accessdate=10 February 2016|pages=40|format=PDF|archive-date=2015-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113233253/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2425_PART_B_DCHB_SURAT.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro = 5,935,000<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |title=World urban areas |accessdate=2018-07-04 |archive-date=2020-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207210003/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| population_rank = [[印度最多人口的城市列表|8th]]
| population_blank1_title =
| population_blank1 =
| population_blank2_title =
| population_blank2 =
| timezone1 = [[印度標準時間]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = {{tsl|en|Postal Index Number||邮政编码}}
| postal_code = 394 XXX, 395 XXX
| area_code = {{tsl|en|Telephone numbers in India||91-261-XXX-XXXX}}
| registration_plate = GJ-05, GJ-19, GJ-28<ref>{{cite news|title=SURAT GETS ADDL GJ-5 & GJ-28 SERIES FOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-surat-gets-addl-gj-5-gj-28-series-for-vehicle-registration-1673577|publisher=dnaindia.com|accessdate=2018-07-04|archive-date=2016-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514040829/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-surat-gets-addl-gj-5-gj-28-series-for-vehicle-registration-1673577|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| unemployment_rate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[人類性別比]]
| blank_info_sec1 = 1.27<ref>{{cite web|title=Distribution of Population, Decadal Growth Rate, Sex-Ratio and Population Density|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/gujarat/table-1.xls|work={{tsl|en|2011 census of India||2011 census of India}}|publisher=[[印度政府|Government of India]]|accessdate=12 February 2016|archive-date=2011-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113182831/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/gujarat/table-1.xls|dead-url=no}}</ref> [[雄性|♂]]/[[雌性|♀]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = Coastline
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{Convert|35|km|mi}}
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|https://www.suratmunicipal.gov.in}}
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 =
| blank2_name = 识字率
| blank2_info = 86.65%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/gujarat/table-5.xls|title=Literacy Rates by Sext for State and District|work={{tsl|en|2011 census of India||2011 census of India}}|publisher=[[印度政府]]|accessdate=25 June 2012|archive-date=2011-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113182845/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/gujarat/table-5.xls|dead-url=no}}</ref>
}}
 
'''蘇拉特'''({{lang-gu|સુરત|Surat}},{{IPA-gu|suɾət}}),[[印度]][[古吉拉特邦]][[蘇拉特縣]]縣府所在地,古吉拉特邦的重要[[港口]]城市和第二大城,印度第九大城,大都會區人口593.5萬(2011年)。該市位於距離[[達布蒂河]]河口14英里處,近[[阿拉伯海]]。舊城位​​​​於護城河以內,有狹窄的街道和美麗的建築,城牆已消失。 1608年[[英國東印度公司]]在這裡設立第一個東方貿易據點。
{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction
 
|type = city
根據《經濟時報》進行的一項研究,蘇拉特將在2019年至2035年間成為全球增長最快的城市。2001年至2008年,該市的GDP年均增長率為11.5%。2013年,蘇拉特被印度城市系統年度調查(ASICS)評為“最佳城市”。蘇拉特被選為印度第一個智能城市。該市有297萬互聯網用戶,約佔總人口的65%。根據印度城市發展部的報告,2017年,蘇拉特是印度第四大清潔城市。IBM等跨國公司在蘇拉特有分支機構。
|native_name = 苏拉特
 
|other_name = સુરત
該市經濟以紡織和[[鑽石]]加工業著名,世界92%的金剛石在此打磨,被稱為“世界鑽石之都”。
|district = Surat
 
|state_name = 古吉拉特邦
== 詞源 ==
|nearest_city =
蘇拉特由一個叫Gopi的人創立,他稱其為蘇拉布爾(Surajpur)或蘇里亞普(Suryapur)地區。雅各布·皮特斯稱蘇拉特為Sourratte,這是荷蘭語名稱。
|parliament_const =
 
|assembly_const =
== 歷史 ==
|civic_agency =
12和15世紀,蘇拉特由穆斯林管理。1512年和1530年,蘇拉特再次遭到葡萄牙帝國的侵入。1514年,葡萄牙旅行者杜阿爾·巴博薩將蘇拉特描述為重要的海港,許多[[科澤科德扎莫林|馬拉巴爾]]和世界各地的船隻經常往來蘇拉特。1520年,這座城市改名為蘇拉特。[[明朝]]称'''舍剌齐''',在[[剌泥]]國旁<ref>《[[明史]]》[[:s:明史/卷326|卷326]][[:s:明史/卷326#剌泥|剌泥]]條、《象胥录》卷5、《[[续通典]]》卷149、《明[[续文献通考]]》卷237、《皇舆考》卷12、《图书编》卷59</ref>。
|skyline =
 
|skyline_caption =
1573年,蘇拉特被蒙兀兒征服。它是[[蒙兀兒帝國]]中最繁榮的港口。
|latd = 21.167
 
|longd = 72.833
後來,蘇拉特成為印度的貿易城市,出口黃金和布料。它的主要產業是造船業和紡織。在孟買崛起之前,這座城市一直保持繁榮。此後,蘇拉特的造船業衰落,蘇拉特本身在18世紀逐漸衰落。英國人和荷蘭人聲稱控制了這座城市。1800年,英國控制蘇拉特。
|locator_position = right
 
|area_total = 326.515
19世紀中葉,蘇拉特已成為一座停滯不前的城市,約有80,000居民。印度的鐵路通車後,這座城市又開始繁榮起來。
|area_magnitude =
 
|altitude = 12
1994年,該城曾爆發[[鼠疫]],近千人感染,數十人死亡。
|population_total = 4523022
 
|population_as_of = 2009年
== 地理 ==
|population_density =
=== 氣候 ===
|population_metro =
{{Weather box
|population_metro_as_of =
|location = 苏拉特(1932年–1980年)
|sex_ratio =
|metric first = yes
|literacy =
|single line = yes
|area_telephone = 0261
|Jan record high C = 37.8
|postal_code = 395001
|Feb record high C = 39.4
|vehicle_code_range =
|Mar record high C = 43.3
|climate=
|Apr record high C = 45.0
|website=
|May record high C = 45.0
|Jun record high C = 45.6
|Jul record high C = 38.9
|Aug record high C = 37.2
|Sep record high C = 38.9
|Oct record high C = 41.1
|Nov record high C = 38.9
|Dec record high C = 36.7
|year record high C = 45.6
|Jan high C = 30.6
|Feb high C = 33.3
|Mar high C = 36.7
|Apr high C = 39.4
|May high C = 40.6
|Jun high C = 35.0
|Jul high C = 31.7
|Aug high C = 31.7
|Sep high C = 31.7
|Oct high C = 32.8
|Nov high C = 30.6
|Dec high C = 29.4
|year high C = 33.6
|Jan low C = 15.6
|Feb low C = 17.8
|Mar low C = 21.1
|Apr low C = 24.4
|May low C = 25.0
|Jun low C = 23.3
|Jul low C = 22.2
|Aug low C = 21.7
|Sep low C = 21.7
|Oct low C = 20.6
|Nov low C = 17.2
|Dec low C = 15.0
|year low C = 20.5
|Jan record low C = 4.4
|Feb record low C = 5.6
|Mar record low C = 10.6
|Apr record low C = 15.0
|May record low C = 19.4
|Jun record low C = 21.7
|Jul record low C = 20.6
|Aug record low C = 21.1
|Sep record low C = 20.6
|Oct record low C = 14.4
|Nov record low C = 10.6
|Dec record low C = 6.7
|year record low C = 4.4
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 3.0
|Feb rain mm = 3.0
|Mar rain mm = 2.0
|Apr rain mm = 2.0
|May rain mm = 5.0
|Jun rain mm = 218.0
|Jul rain mm = 442.0
|Aug rain mm = 191.0
|Sep rain mm = 150.0
|Oct rain mm = 38.0
|Nov rain mm = 8.0
|Dec rain mm = 3.0
|year rain mm = 1065.0
|Jan sun = 279.0
|Feb sun = 282.4
|Mar sun = 279.0
|Apr sun = 300.0
|May sun = 310.0
|Jun sun = 210.0
|Jul sun = 124.0
|Aug sun = 93.0
|Sep sun = 210.0
|Oct sun = 279.0
|Nov sun = 270.0
|Dec sun = 279.0
|year sun =
|source 1 = Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.ucm.es/info/cif/station/in-surat.htm
| title = INDIA – SURAT
| accessdate = 2011-09-24
| publisher = Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas
| archive-date = 2012-10-13
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121013062552/http://www.ucm.es/info/cif/station/in-surat.htm
}}</ref>
|source 2 = World Climate Guide (sunshine only)<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.worldclimateguide.co.uk/climateguides/india/surat.php
| title = Surat Climate Guide
| accessdate = 2011-09-24
| publisher = World Climate Guide
| archive-date = 2016-03-16
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160316205026/http://www.worldclimateguide.co.uk/climateguides/india/surat.php
}}</ref>
|date=2010年8月
}}
 
== 經濟 ==
'''苏拉特'''(古吉拉特语:સુરત ),[[印度]][[古吉拉特邦]][[苏拉特县]]县府所在地,古吉拉特邦的重要[[港口城市]]和第二大城,也是印度第九大城,大都会区人口约有490万(2006年)。该市位於距离[[達布蒂河]]河口14英里处,近[[阿拉伯海]]。旧城位于护城河以内,有狭窄的街道和美丽的建筑,不过城墙已经消失。该市经济以纺织和[[鑽石]]加工業著名,世界92%的金刚石在此打磨,被称为“世界钻石之都”。[[1608年]][[英国东印度公司]]在这里设立第一个东方贸易据点。[[1994年]],該城曾爆發[[鼠疫]],近千人感染,數十人死亡,造成市民嚴重恐慌。
=== 信息技術 ===
IBM等跨國公司在蘇拉特有分支機構。
 
2011年,蘇拉特與來自華盛頓州雷德蒙德的微軟總部的發言人主辦了印度首個Microsoft DreamSpark Yatra 技術活動。
{{India-geo-stub}}
{{Gujarat}}
 
=== 金剛石拋光 ===
[[Category:古吉拉特邦城市]]
=== 鑽石研究與商業城市 ===
[[Category:印度人口过百万的城市]]
=== 紡織品 ===
== 交通 ==
== 機構 ==
=== 科學中心 ===
=== 體育館 ===
=== 板球場 ===
=== 公共安全 ===
== 人口 ==
 
== 延伸阅读 ==
[[af:Surat]]
{{Wikisource further reading}}
[[bg:Сурат]]
 
[[bpy:সুরাত]]
==參考文獻==
[[ca:Surat]]
{{reflist}}
[[cy:Surat]]
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|en:Surat|苏拉特{{en icon}}}}
[[da:Surat]]
* {{Commonscat-inline|Surat}}
[[de:Surat]]
 
[[en:Surat]]
{{Gujarat}}{{印度人口最多的城市}}
[[eo:Surat]]
{{Authority control}}
[[es:Surat]]
[[Category:古吉拉特邦城镇]]
[[et:Surat]]
[[Category:印度人口过百万的城市]]
[[fa:سورات]]
[[fi:Surat]]
[[fr:Surate]]
[[gu:સુરત]]
[[he:סוראט]]
[[hi:सूरत]]
[[id:Surat, India]]
[[it:Surat (India)]]
[[ja:スーラト]]
[[kl:Surat]]
[[ko:수라트]]
[[kw:Surat]]
[[lt:Suratas]]
[[mi:Surat]]
[[ml:സൂരത്]]
[[mr:सुरत]]
[[nl:Surat (India)]]
[[no:Surat]]
[[pam:Surat]]
[[pl:Surat]]
[[pnb:سورت]]
[[pt:Surate]]
[[ro:Surat]]
[[ru:Сурат]]
[[sa:सूरत]]
[[sh:Surat]]
[[simple:Surat]]
[[sr:Сурат]]
[[sv:Surat]]
[[ta:சூரத்]]
[[te:సూరత్]]
[[tl:Surat]]
[[ug:Surat]]
[[uk:Сурат]]
[[vi:Surat]]
[[vo:Surat]]
[[war:Surat, Gujarat]]