罗摩衍那：修订间差异
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[[Image:Rama and Hanuman fighting Ravana, an album painting on paper, c1820.jpg|thumb|250px|罗摩衍那的神猴
{{印度教}}
▲[[Image:Rama and Hanuman fighting Ravana, an album painting on paper, c1820.jpg|thumb|250px|罗摩衍那的神猴.]]
《'''罗摩衍那'''》（[[梵语]]：'''रामायण'''，{{IAST|Rāmāyaṇa}}，意思为“罗摩的历险经历”）是[[印度]]两大史诗之一、另一部是《[[摩訶婆羅多]]》。作者是[[诗人]][[蚁垤]]，或譯'''跋彌'''（Valmiki），共分为七章，24,000对对句。内容主要讲述[[拘薩羅国]]王子[[罗摩]]
罗摩衍那最早成书於公元前300年
原书依据[[吠陀]]体系推算，罗摩和[[罗刹]]魔王[[罗波那]]
印度传统认为罗摩是[[毗湿奴]]的化身，他杀死魔王罗波那，确立了人间的[[宗教]]和道德标准，神曾经答应蚁垤，只要山海还存在，人们就仍然需要阅读罗摩衍那。
20世紀70年代[[中國]]梵文學者[[季羨林]]、[[黃寶生]]翻譯了《羅摩衍那》
== 内容概要 ==
=== 第一章《
描写
他们受到遮那竭国王的邀请，参与国王为女儿悉多选婿大会，要求参赛者拉开一把[[湿婆]]神弓。没有人能拉动，罗摩不仅成功地拉开神弓，而且将弓拉断了，因此获得悉多为妻，经过盛大的婚礼后，两人回到拘薩羅。
=== 第二章《阿逾陀书
又名 十二年以后拘薩羅国王决定退
=== 第三章《森林书》 ===
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=== 第四章《猴王国书》 ===
[[File:Hanuman in Terra Cotta.jpg|thumb|哈努曼陶器（[[
罗摩在寻找悉多的过程中遇到猴王国国王须羯哩婆，须羯哩婆被其兄波林夺去王位和妻子，罗摩和神猴[[哈努曼]]帮助须羯哩婆杀死波林，夺回王位。
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=== 第六章《战争书》 ===
罗摩要求罗波那放回自己的妻子，受到罗波那的拒绝，他决定发起战争，在神兵的帮助下建立了一座通往[[斯里蘭卡]]的桥梁 - [[羅摩橋]]，杀死魔王罗波那，救回悉多。由于被困在魔国了几年，没有什么能保证悉多是以前純粹与贞洁。只好通过火验才能证实她对罗摩的专一，当她走进火堆时，火神无法胜过她的贞洁，使得她一点的伤痕都没有。这时已经过去14年，他们一起回到拘薩羅，罗摩接受王位。他统治的时期[[印地语]]称为“罗摩莱亚”（罗摩统治期间），这个词在印度文化中一直代表理想的治理和公正的法律。
=== 第七章《结局书》 ===
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有许多人认为这一章描绘的罗摩违反了以前的道德准则，可能是后来由其他人添加的，不是蚁垤的原作。
== 影
{{main|孔劇}}
《罗摩衍那》不仅是印度文化的根源之一，对[[东南亚]]的文化也有很大的影响。隨著[[婆羅門教]]的傳播，[[爪哇岛]]、[[巴厘岛]]、[[马来西亚]]、[[菲律宾]]、[[泰国]]、[[柬埔寨]]、[[缅甸]]、[[
==參考文獻==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
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* {{cite book|last=Dutt|first=Romesh C. |title=Ramayana|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2004|page=208|isbn=978-1-4191-4387-8|url=https://books.google.com/?id=RPKav7K9eNUC|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Dutt|first=Romesh Chunder |title=The Ramayana and Mahabharata condensed into English verse|publisher=Courier Dover Publications|year=2002|page=352|isbn=978-0-486-42506-1|url=https://books.google.com/?id=MDf8N9nMlugC}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book|last=Keshavadas|first=Sadguru Sant|title=Ramayana at a Glance|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ., |year=1988|page=211|isbn=978-81-208-0545-3|url=https://books.google.com/?id=3XIatVGyjmQC|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Goldman|first=Robert P. | title=The Ramayana of Valmiki: An Epic of Ancient India: Balakanda|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1990|isbn=978-0-691-01485-2|url=https://books.google.com/?id=DWX43jnbOngC&printsec=frontcover |ref=harv}}
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*{{cite book|last=Goldman|first=Robert P. |title=The Ramayana of Valmiki: Sundarakanda|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1996|isbn=978-0-691-06662-2|url=https://books.google.com/?id=sFmsrEszbxgC&printsec=frontcover}}
* Mahulikar, Dr. Gauri. ''Effect Of Ramayana On Various Cultures And Civilisations'', Ramayan Institute
* [[Kate Milner Rabb|Rabb, Kate Milner]], ''National Epics'', 1896 – [https://web.archive.org/web/20110914003423/http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext05/8ntle10.txt see eText] in [[Project Gutenburg]]
* {{cite journal|last=Murthy|first=S. S. N.
* {{cite book|last=Prabhavananda|first=Swami|title=The Spiritual Heritage of India |publisher=Vedanta Press|year=1979 |page=374|isbn=978-0-87481-035-6|url=https://books.google.com/?id=zupDCwE73O0C&printsec=frontcover}} ([[Spiritual Heritage of India (book)|see also Wikipedia article on book]])
* Raghunathan, N. (transl.), ''Srimad Valmiki Ramayanam'', Vighneswara Publishing House, Madras (1981)
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Rohman|first=Todd|editor=Watling, Gabrielle
* {{cite book|last=Sattar|first=Arshia (transl.)|authorlink=Arshia Sattar|title=The Rāmāyaṇa by Vālmīki|publisher=Viking|year=1996|page=696|isbn=978-0-14-029866-6|url=https://books.google.com/?id=em3XAAAAMAAJ|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Sundararajan|first=K.R.|title=Hindu spirituality: Vedas through Vedanta|editor=Krishna Sivaraman |editor2=Bithika Mukerji|publisher=The Crossroad Publishing Co.|year=1989|pages=106–126|chapter=The Ideal of Perfect Life : The Ramayana|isbn=978-0-8245-0755-8|url=https://books.google.com/?id=xPYp7_kMBK4C&pg=PA106}}
* ''A different Song'' – Article from "The Hindu" 12 August 2005 – {{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/08/12/stories/2005081201210200.htm |title=The Hindu : Entertainment Thiruvananthapuram / Music : A different song |publisher=Hinduonnet.com |date=12 August 2005 |accessdate=1 September 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027001647/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/08/12/stories/2005081201210200.htm |archivedate=27 October 2010 }}
* ''[http://www.ramayanabook.com/ Valmiki's ''Ramayana'' illustrated with Indian miniatures from the 16th to the 19th century] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ramayanabook.com/ |date=20210418081035 }}'', 2012, Editions Diane de Selliers, ISBN 9782903656768
{{Refend}}
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{{refbegin|2}}
; 梵文原典
* [http://bombay.indology.info/ramayana/statement.html Electronic version of the Sanskrit text] {{Wayback|url=http://bombay.indology.info/ramayana/statement.html |date=20160308051328 }}, input by Muneo Tokunaga
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150511165242/http://gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de/gret_utf.htm#Ram Sanskrit text] on [[GRETIL]]
;翻譯著作
* ''[http://valmikiramayan.net ''Valmiki Ramayana''] {{Wayback|url=http://valmikiramayan.net/ |date=20210422223622 }}'' verse translation by Desiraju Hanumanta Rao, K. M. K. Murthy et al.
* ''[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rama/index.htm Valmiki ''Ramayana''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rama/index.htm |date=20180412232155 }}'' translated by [[Ralph T. H. Griffith]] (1870–1874) ([[:gutenberg:24869|Project Gutenberg]])
* ''[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/dutt/rama01.htm The ''Ramayana'' condensed into English verse] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/dutt/rama01.htm |date=20210426175949 }}'' by [[Romesh Chunder Dutt|R. C. Dutt]] (1899) [https://archive.org/details/RamayanaTheEpicOfRamaPrinceOfIndiaCondensedIntoEnglishVerseBy at archive.org]
* Prose translation of the complete ''Ramayana'' by M. N. Dutt (1891–1894): [https://archive.org/details/ramayanablaknda00vlgoog Balakandam], [https://archive.org/details/ramayana01duttgoog Ayodhya Kandam], [https://archive.org/details/ramayanaranyakn00vlgoog Aranya Kandam], [https://archive.org/details/TheRamayanaKishkindhaKandam Kishkindha Kandam], [https://archive.org/details/ramayanaranyakn00vlgoog Sundara Kandam], [https://archive.org/details/ramayana03vlgoog Yuddha Kandam], [https://archive.org/details/TheRamayanaUttaraKandam Uttara Kandam]
* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nAzNbPus9TcC Rāma the Steadfast: an early form of the ''Rāmāyaṇa''] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nAzNbPus9TcC |date=20200819152340 }}'' translated by J. L. Brockington and Mary Brockington. Penguin, 2006. ISBN 0-14-044744-X.
* ''[[Geet Ramayan]]'' literally "''Ramayan'' in verse" in Marathi by G. D. Madgulkar
;第二來源
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== 外部链接 ==
{{Portal box|印度|神話}}
{{Commons
{{wikisourcelang|sa|रामायणम्|Ramayana}}
{{Wikiquote|Ramayan}}
* [http://www.onlinedarshan.com/ramayana/index.htm 罗摩衍那网站] {{Wayback|url=http://www.onlinedarshan.com/ramayana/index.htm |date=20070220044456 }}
* [http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/mythology/ramayan/index.htm 罗摩衍那图片、雕塑] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/mythology/ramayan/index.htm |date=20070218213646 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120714054056/http://ramayana.sites.f-i.com/ Google推出的在线互动版罗摩衍那]
* [http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=1778&Itemid=28 A condensed verse translation] {{Wayback|url=http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=1778&Itemid=28 |date=20210305194943 }} by [[Romesh Chunder Dutt]] sponsored by the [[Liberty Fund]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130501055540/http://orias.berkeley.edu/hero/ramayana/index.html The ''Ramayana'' as a Monomyth] from UC Berkeley (archived)
{{印度神話}}
{{罗摩衍那}}
[[Category:罗摩衍那| ]]
[[Category:梵语文学]]
[[Category:印度文學]]
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[[Category:史诗]]
[[Category:梵语词汇]]
[[Category:印度人类非物质文化遗产代表作]]
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