How to Grow and Care for Fuchsia

Fuchsia is known for producing dozens of brightly colored dangling, teardrop-shaped flowers from trailing stems from spring through fall. They are a staple in hanging baskets and thrive in partial shade. Hummingbirds love fuchsia, which can be placed outside once night temperatures are consistently above 50 degrees.

Planting Fuchsia

Fuchsia is best grown in hanging baskets in areas that receive just a few hours of sunlight per day, once the last frost is in the rearview mirror and night temperatures are above 50 degrees. It can also be planted in the ground.

To plant fuchsia, dig a hole that is larger than the root ball. Place the plant in the hole, backfill it with soil, and then water in the plant.

Fuchsia Care

The Fuchsia genus contains more than 100 woody shrubs and trees, but the familiar garden fuchsia widely available in garden centers are mostly hybrids ideal for hanging baskets and other containers.

While these plants can be perennial garden plants in warm climates, fuchsias are usually grown as outdoor container plants, either planted as annuals and discarded as the weather turns cold or brought indoors and nursed in bright light and controlled conditions over the winter.

Though slightly fussy about moisture and temperature, fuchsias are still considered an easy plant to grow in container gardens. Most will thrive in part shade to full shade. They don't like to be too hot, and they especially hate dry heat.

Light

These plants thrive in part shade to deep shade conditions. When growing indoors, they enjoy a bit more light—bright indirect light rather than direct sunlight.

Soil

Fuchsia plants prefer consistently moist (but not soggy) soil with a good ratio of organic matter. At the same time, the soil should be well-draining.

For in-ground plants, amending with peat moss or compost before planting is a good idea. Container plants do fine in an ordinary peat-based potting mix, provided the pot has good drainage.

Water

Fuchsias like to be in soil that is moist but not soggy. Water as often as necessary to prevent the soil from drying out completely. Use a moisture meter if you aren't sure about the soil's moisture level.

These plants thrive in humidity, so if you live somewhere dry, they are a little more challenging to keep hydrated. Note that hanging baskets typically need to be watered every day. Baskets and other hanging pots dry out more quickly than in-ground gardens.

Temperature and Humidity

Fuchsias are happiest with temperatures between 55 and 80 degrees, though some heat-tolerant cultivars will keep their blooms up to 90 degrees. There are also a few shrub-like varieties that are hardy in freezing temperatures. Fuchsias thrive in higher humidity.

Fertilizer

During the blooming season, fuchsias have a huge appetite, so you have to feed them regularly with diluted liquid fertilizer. A combination of fish emulsion and seaweed can work well.

Types of Fuchsia

The fuchsia cultivars most often used for garden containers are divided into those that have upright growth habits, which are best for large containers and those with trailing habits, which are best for hanging baskets.

Dozens of different cultivars are available, and your choice depends on what you prefer for flower color and growth habits. Consider these good choices:

• 'Swingtime' is a trailing variety with ruffled white inner petals surrounded by bright red outer sepals.
• 'Army Nurse' is a shrubby, upright variety with purple flower petals surrounded by red sepals. It works well in large pots or as a garden plant.
• 'Rapunzel' is a trailing variety with purple and pinkish-white flowers. Its stems can trail as much as two feet.
• 'Phyllis' is an upright variety, with deep red petals surrounded by lighter rose-red sepals.

Pruning

Regular pruning can keep a fuchsia plant vibrant with blooms. It's also okay to prune back drastically. It will rebound nonetheless and be better for it. Deadheading spent flowers will encourage the plant to produce more flowers.

For trailing fuchsia, remove thin or brittle growth at any time. Bushy perennial fuchsia would benefit from a light trim in the early fall and spring to clean up any dead stems.

Propagating Fuchsia

Fuchsias are typically annuals, but you can propagate them in early spring in order to have multiple plants throughout the summer. Plants can be propagated via stem cuttings or division.

Stem Cuttings

1. Cut off a two- to four-inch segment of the stem tip, cutting just above the third pair of leaves.
2. Remove the bottom leaves and dip the end of the cutting in rooting hormone.
3. Plant the cutting into a tray or pot filled with a seed-starter mix or a blend of sand, perlite, and peat moss.
4. Cover the pot with loose, clear plastic and place it in a warm location.
5. Roots should develop in three to four weeks, and at this time, you can remove the cover.
6. When new leaf growth is obvious on the cutting, you can repot the fuchsia in a larger container and move it outdoors.

Division

1. Gently remove the plant from its hanging basket, or dig it out of the ground.
2. Using a clean knife or pruners, cut the root ball into as many divisions as you'd like.
3. Plant the divisions in their own pots or in the ground in well-draining soil. Replant the host plant.
4. Water in all the plants, and water more frequently in the next few days as the roots adjust.

How to Grow Fuchsia From Seed

1. In the early spring, mix peat moss, potting soil, and vermiculite in an appropriate container for indoor seedlings.
2. Spread the seeds across the mixture, press them down lightly, and cover them with a thin layer of moist potting soil.
3. Cover the containers with clear, loose plastic and give them bright yet indirect light, and place them in a warm area.
4. After the seeds sprout, remove the plastic cover for a few hours each day to let the seedlings grow hardy in lower humidity. When they have grown their first set of real leaves, they are ready to plant.
   

Potting and Repotting

Fuchsia requires a fast-draining potting soil and very good drainage, so make sure that containers have adequate drainage holes and potting medium drains well.

To avoid losing soil through drainage holes when you water, place some plastic screening over the holes first before filling the container with soil. Allow space between the top of the container and the soil line. Don't fill the pot to the rim with soil.

Choose a 12- to-16-inch pot, depending on the size of the plant. You want a container one size larger than what it resided in at the nursery. Or, if you're combining smaller plants into one container, two or three specimen plants from four-inch pots can live comfortably in a 10- or 12-inch pot.

Fuchsias look lovely in a pot on their own but also pair well with complementary or contrasting colors. Display them with oxalis, angel wing begonias, lobelia, or coleus.

Common Pests

Fuchsia plants are susceptible to aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies. These can be especially troublesome when you bring plants indoors for the winter. Insecticidal soaps are the best option for controlling these insects.

How to Get Fuchsia to Bloom

Remember that fuchsia flowers on only new growth. The moment a flower begins to fade, pinch it back to allow for new growth. In most cases, you'll be rewarded with a new, vibrant flower in a matter of weeks.

Fuchsia can re-bloom in a single season if you keep on top of pinching back the flowers when necessary. If you don't see new flowers within six weeks of pinching back, cut that stem back even further to the first strong node and allow it more time to grow.