Your lawn obtains the vital nutrients it needs to keep it lush and green from your soil, but those nutrients deplete over time. That's why the best lawn fertilizers include the precise amounts of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium required to keep your grass strong and healthy.
Quick-release lawn fertilizers provide rapid greening, while slow-release lawn fertilizers keep your grass fed for months at a time. We researched both, and found the nutrient needs of cool-season grasses like Kentucky bluegrass and fescue differ from that of warm-season grasses like centipede grass and Bermuda grass. Cool-season grasses tend to require more nutrients (more phosphorous and potassium) in both the spring and the fall, while warm-season grasses are more tolerant of poor soil conditions, but still need plenty of nitrogen during the summer.
We have identified the best lawn fertilizers for each season, type of grass, and specific problem you may face. To help you grow the healthiest lawn possible, we evaluated dozens of options from top brands like Scotts, GreenView, and Espoma, considering time of year, recommended turf type, ease of application, and effectiveness in spurring growth.
Our Top Picks
Best Overall
Scotts Turf Builder Lawn Food
Works on all popular grass types
Not essential to water after application
Can be used year-round
Not ideal for new turf or lawns deficient in phosphorus
We love this easy-to-use and highly effective fertilizer from Scotts. With 32% nitrogen for green blades, and 4% potassium for strong, deep roots, your grass will perk up quickly after a "meal" of this all-season fertilizer.
This fertilizer does not contain phosphorus, which is highly regulated and even banned in some areas, since phosphorus-laden water run-off can lead to overgrowth of algae in nearby rivers, streams, or ponds. But, unless your turf is newly planted, most lawns can obtain sufficient phosphorus from the soil to thrive.
This is a great fertilizer for the spring, but it's highly effective and nourishing for use year-round. You can water this formula into the soil after application, but according to Scotts, that step isn't essential. Plus, you can apply the fertilizer to wet or dry grass without fear of burning, as long as you set your fertilizer spreader to the right setting. The bag contains all the information you'll need to calibrate your spread, as well as the exact amounts of the granular fertilizer to apply—no guesswork is required.
Notably, this fertilizer is suited for just about any popular turf grass, including fescue, Bermuda, bluegrass, rye, centipede, bahiagrass, and zoysia. That means zero worries about whether you have a cool-season or warm-season lawn, something that many homeowners aren't sure of. One 12.5-pound bag covers about 5,000 square feet of turf.
NPK Ratio: 32-0-4︱Type: Slow-release︱Feed Duration: 6-8 weeks︱Application Type: Granular︱Coverage: 5,000 square feet
Best for Fall
GreenView Fall Lawn Food
Great for repairing grass from dry, hot summers
Works on all popular grass types
Good value
Needs to be applied when nighttime temperatures are above 60 degrees
Hot, dry summers can give your lawn a beating and leave it looking a little worse for wear. Thanks to this fall fertilizer from GreenView, your grass will be able to recuperate better from summer's stressors, survive the impending winter, and grow lush and green as soon as spring rolls around.
It has a well-balanced NPK ratio of 22-0-10, which is unlikely to burn your grass if it's applied as directed on the bag. You can use the fertilizer on almost any popular turf type, including both warm-season and cool-season grasses. Ideally, though, it should be applied when nighttime temperatures in your area are still in the 60s—no earlier than September and no later than December.
The fertilizer should not be applied to damp or frozen turf; however, if a light rain is not anticipated later that day, it should be watered after application. To keep your driveway and walks clean, sweep up any spills as soon as they happen.
Once it's been watered or rained on and is completely dry, it's safe for your pets to walk on. A 16-pound bag will cover up to 5,000 square feet of lawn (making this pick a slightly better value than our best overall), so you will likely be able to get a few applications out of one bag.
NPK Ratio: 22-0-10︱Type: Slow-release︱Feed Duration: 8 weeks︱Application Type: Granular︱Coverage: 5,000 square feet
Best Quick-Release
Scotts Green Max Lawn Food
Includes iron for deeper greens
Can be applied dry or wet
Results may not last long
If your lawn is looking a little sad and you need results fast, we think that this quick-release lawn fertilizer from Scotts is the best option. It’s a nitrogen-forward formula that can green up your lawn in three days according to the manufacturer, and has added iron to support chlorophyll production for deeper greens and a healthier-looking lawn. It's one of two quick-release options we recommend on this list.
With an NPK ratio of 27-0-2, this fertilizer is primarily nitrogen with a bit of potassium to help promote healthy root growth. Scotts recommends reapplying it every six to eight weeks since the nutrients are made available immediately and not released over time.
Application is easy because this fertilizer can be applied dry or wet, but the brand recommends watering it in lightly for the best results. It can cause burning if applied improperly or during the wrong conditions, so avoid using more than recommended, and don’t apply it during hot, dry weather when your grass is already stressed. Soil that has poor drainage can also increase the risk of burn.
While this fertilizer is more of a short-term solution than a long-term fix, we do think the quick-release formula is a great way to green up your lawn fast. A 16-pound bag can cover up to 5,000 square feet, making this pick a similar, great value to our best for fall option.
NPK Ratio: 27-0-2︱Type: Quick-release︱Feed Duration: 6-8 weeks︱Application Type: Granular︱Coverage: 5,000 square feet
Best All-Purpose
Milorganite Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer
Doesn't need to be watered in
Less risk of burning your lawn and other greenery
Organic formula
Low coverage area
This all-purpose fertilizer is good for your lawn, trees, shrubs, and flowerbeds, so you can use it all around the yard. Also, its slow-release and salt-free formula means you don't have to water right after application, and there is less risk of burning your lawn or other greenery.
The blend contains 6% nitrogen, 4% phosphorus, and no potassium. It also has iron, encouraging healthy green growth of turf and other plants. This organic fertilizer is derived from treated sewage sludge and benefits most popular grass varieties, including zoysia, Bermuda, fescue, bluegrass, rye, and St. Augustine.
It's best applied up to four times per year, including an application in early spring, late spring or early summer, early fall, and late fall. Apply it with a spreader, following the bag's guidelines for your type of grass. The one main downside to this fertilizer is that it does require a heavy application; a 32-pound bag only covers up to 2,500 square feet of lawn, which is half the coverage offered by our best overall.
NPK Ratio: 6-4-0︱Type: Slow-release︱Feed Duration: Every 10 weeks︱Application Type: Granular︱Coverage: 2,500 square feet
Best Liquid
Scotts Liquid Turf Builder Lawn Food
Easy to spread with your regular garden hose
Feeds and waters grass simultaneously
Not for use in hot weather
You need to pay attention while applying to achieve even coverage
Give your lawn a drink and a good meal at the same time with this quick-release liquid lawn fertilizer. To apply it, attach the bottle to your regular garden hose, turn the hose on at the spigot, and press the trigger on the top of the fertilizer bottle to start spraying.
The fertilizer shouldn't be applied to parched grass; if it's been a while since it rained, or your sprinklers haven't been on, water the grass before applying the fertilizer. It can be applied to any common lawn grass during the active growing season, meaning you can use it during the spring, summer, or early fall, but not in the winter.
The NPK ratio of the fertilizer is 29-0-3, so it's well-balanced for quick greening and healthy root growth. After applying it, wait at least two days before mowing your lawn. Check the weather forecast before spraying, too, as you shouldn't use this product if the temperatures are over 85 degrees that day.
You don't want to soak your grass; you should walk at a fairly brisk pace across your lawn while spraying the fertilizer with even, side-to-side motions of your arm. The manufacturer says the 32-ounce bottle will empty after about 15 minutes of spraying, which gives you coverage of up to 2,000 square feet of turf (the least on our list).
NPK Ratio: 29-0-3︱Type: Quick-release︱Feed Duration: 6-8 weeks︱Application Type: Liquid︱Coverage: 2,000 square feet
Best Organic
Purely Organic Lawn Food
Plant-based formula
Large coverage area per bag
Lawn should be kept damp for several days after application
Not ideal for new lawns
If you prefer organic products in your home and garden, you'll like this effective fertilizer from Purely Organics as much as we do. Derived from leftover distiller grains and soybean meal, you can apply this product and let your pets or kids play on the lawn safely that same day.
You might smell a faint beer-like aroma after application—coming from the distiller's grains—but the scent will fade quickly. Similar to other picks on our list, you don't need to water the fertilizer if rain is in the forecast; but if not, go ahead and water your lawn after application with your spreader. You should keep your lawn damp—not drenched—for a few more days while the fertilizer works its way down into the soil.
The NPK ratio is 10-0-2, so you can use it without fear of burning or creating yellow spots on your lawn. Apply it to any type of grass, whether it's a cool-season or warm-season variety, every eight weeks during the growing season. For most gardeners, that's spring through fall.
You'll love how quickly your lawn greens up and becomes thick and lush with regular doses of this plant-based lawn food. A 25-pound bag covers up to 6,250 square feet of turf, as well, so you'll get more coverage than our best overall pick.
NPK Ratio: 10-0-2︱Type: Slow-release︱Feed Duration: 8 weeks︱Application Type: Granular︱Coverage: 6,250 square feet
Best Weed-and-Feed
BioAdvanced 5-in-1 Weed and Feed
Kills over 200 types of weeds
Prevents weed seeds from sprouting
Not suited to all types of grass
It might seem like an endless battle to keep your lawn free from weeds, but this effective weed-and-feed from BioAdvanced helps you end the struggle. It's especially good at wiping out tough-to-kill crabgrass, but is also effective against numerous other broad-leaf weeds, including clover, dandelion, and chickweed.
It stops already-growing weeds in their tracks, prevents weed seeds from sprouting, and continues working for up to six months. Plus, it's an effective fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 22-0-4 that helps green up your grass and promote deep root growth for up to three months. You can apply it in the spring, summer, or fall.
However, this fertilizer is not suited to all types of grass, so it's not for every home. Only use it if your lawn is predominantly fescue, Bermuda grass, buffalo grass, Kentucky bluegrass, ryegrass, seashore paspalum, or zoysia. Use a spreader to apply the product to damp grass, then water it well.
Do not let your children or pets onto the treated grass until it's dry. For best results, apply the fertilizer when temperatures are between 50 and 90 degrees.
NPK Ratio: 22-0-4︱Type: Slow-release︱Feed Duration: Up to 3 months︱Application Type: Granular︱Coverage: 4,000 square feet
Best for Spring
Espoma Spring Lawn Booster
Contains calcium and sulfur for quick greening
Good for all common turf types
Some odor at first
Prep your turf ahead of the spring growing season with this organic lawn booster from Espoma. Made from feather meal, pasteurized poultry manure, and gypsum, this effective grass greener supplies a healthy dose of calcium—plus 8% nitrogen and 1% sulfur—to wake up your spring lawn and quickly restore its lush appearance.
It's suited to all types of turf, and won't burn or discolor the grass as long as you follow the instructions. Apply it with a spreader to a dry lawn that's been recently mowed. If there is no rain forecasted for the next 24 hours, be sure to water it.
While there admittedly is a slight smell of bird droppings at first, it disappears quickly once the fertilizer has been watered into the grass and dissolved. A slight scent is also common among other organic fertilizers, so the smell isn't unique to this pick.
The fertilizer is best applied from February through April if you live in a cold-winter area, or January through February for those in warm-winter climates. The 30-pound bag will cover up to 5,000 square feet.
NPK Ratio: 8-0-0︱Type: Slow-release︱Feed Duration: 12 weeks︱Application Type: Granular︱Coverage: 5,000 square feet
Final Verdict
The best lawn fertilizer is the Scotts Turf Builder Lawn Food, because it's a nitrogen-rich formula that quickly greens up just about any type of turf, and keeps it looking lush and healthy all season long. It’s easy to apply, too. If you want an organic product, we recommend Purely Organic Lawn Food, which is made from dried distiller’s grains and soy meal. It’s effective and safer for kids, pets, and the environment.
What to Look for in a Lawn Fertilizer
The NPK Ratio
Check any bag of fertilizer, and you’ll find three numbers prominently displayed somewhere on the packaging. These fertilizer numbers are the NPK ratio, and they tell you the percentages, by weight, of three essential plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the form of potash. While plants do need other nutrients for healthy growth, including iron and calcium, they need much larger quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to remain healthy or even survive.
Because most popular types of lawn grasses are fairly heavy feeders, they can quickly deplete the healthy levels of nutrients in the soil. John Kauffman, Regional Technical Manager at TruGreen, notes that the signs of distress in a lawn in need of fertilizer include yellowing or pale color, slowed growth rate, thin growth, and bare patches. You can ward off these issues with a regular application of lawn fertilizer, however.
Each of the three main nutrients plays a slightly different role in your lawn’s health.
- Nitrogen is the most important overall. It’s critical for keeping your grass green and healthy and promoting thick, lush growth. You’ll find that the nitrogen in a lawn fertilizer is far higher than the other nutrients. Because nitrogen spurs rapid growth, it’s great for fertilizers applied early in the spring growing season. You might want to use a product with a lower nitrogen level during the summer as excessive growth can burn or wither in the heat. "The recommended rate of fertilizer application is one pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet," advises Chris Enroth, a horticulture educator at the University of Illinois Extension.
- Phosphorus is important for healthy root growth, especially in newly planted grass. However, because phosphorus run-off into local waterways, such as streams and ponds, is a cause of algae overgrowth that can reduce oxygen levels, many areas have restricted or even banned the use of residential lawn fertilizers containing phosphorus. You’ll notice that many fertilizers, other than those specifically formulated for newly planted grass, do not contain any phosphorus.
- Potassium is also essential for healthy root growth and helps grass endure stressors, such as drought or weather extremes. While there is normally far less potassium than nitrogen in lawn fertilizer, the balance keeps the turf’s roots long and strong enough to support the growing grass blades up above the soil.
There are also lawn boosters, which aren’t complete fertilizers but contain nutrients for other aspects of healthy growth. One such product is Espoma Spring Lawn Booster (our best for spring option), which is relatively low in nitrogen, but high in calcium and sulfur to encourage the quick growth of green, healthy grass.
Watering After Fertilizing
While you should always follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for watering before or after applying a lawn fertilizer, as a general rule, when using a liquid fertilizer, wait several hours before watering to allow the fertilizer to dry. You don’t want to wash it away with extra watering.
However, if you use a granular fertilizer, water it immediately to activate the fertilizer grains. Water until the soil and grass are evenly wet, but not to the point where puddles develop. Then hold off watering again for at least a day or two so all the nutrients can be released into the soil where the turf’s roots can access them. After that, it’s fine to resume your normal watering schedule.
Additionally, if rain is in the forecast, consider skipping manual watering, as the rain will naturally water your lawn and additional watering may be overkill.
The Fertilizer Type and Application Frequency
Fertilizers are grouped primarily into slow-release, quick-release, and multi-purpose formulas. Each type requires a different application schedule and addresses different issues with your lawn.
"The frequency of lawn fertilization depends on a few things, including the specific fertilizer being used, the climate, the season, and the grass type being grown," says Kauffman. Most lawn fertilizers, including Scotts Turf Builder Lawn Food, our best overall pick, are slow-release products that break down over weeks or even months to supply nutrients to the grass’s roots gradually. This can help to prevent the burning of the lawn, which can happen when too much nitrogen is available too quickly.
The other benefit of a slow-release formula is it reduces the frequency of fertilizer applications. Plus, by providing nutrients slowly over time, the grass grows at a steady pace that helps stretch out the time between mowings. Generally, slow-release fertilizers are granules with a coating that'll slowly break down as the product is exposed to water.
Quick-release products—often liquids, like Scotts Liquid Turf Builder Lawn Food—give your grass a quick burst of energy to green up yellowed or weakened turf. These fertilizers are water-soluble, so they're not bound up by an outer coating and are immediately accessible by the grass’s roots. While quick-release fertilizers are good for grass that needs help immediately, they can burn grass if used too frequently or heavily, and they must be reapplied more often than slow-release products.
Some lawn fertilizers also contain herbicides to target weeds without killing the grass. One such product is BioAdvanced 5-in-1 Weed and Feed, which eliminates the most common types of weeds while encouraging healthy grass growth.
Organic vs. Synthetic Formulas
Your grass doesn’t care whether the nitrogen and other nutrients in the fertilizer are synthetically created or come from a natural source; Enroth observes, "To grass, nitrogen is nitrogen. It does not matter how it is derived."
However, you might have a preference when it comes to your fertilizer's formula.
- Synthetic fertilizers generally break down in the soil fairly quickly and are designed to be easy for the turf’s roots to absorb. This means the fertilizer promotes growth more quickly.
- Organic fertilizers can have a wide variety of sources, including treated waste sludge, plant-based materials such as grains (Our favorite organic fertilizer, Purely Organic Lawn Food is made from leftover distillers’ grains and soymeal.), or animal-based products such as manure, bone, or feathers. Often, organic fertilizers break down more slowly, but also stay accessible for a longer time, reducing the need for reapplications.
One More Thing
Ideally, you should fertilize your lawn two or three times a year, with a feeding in the spring, summer, and fall. However, don’t reach for the bag of fertilizer more often than that. “Indiscriminate use of fertilizer can damage a lawn,” says Enroth. As the nitrogen and salt levels build up beyond the turf’s requirements, the results can be the dreaded “fertilizer burn.” This shows up as yellow, brown, or dead patches of lawn, and can occur in as little as a few days after excessive fertilizer application.
Why Trust The Spruce?
Michelle Ullman is a writer for The Spruce who specializes in home improvement products, including tools and landscaping supplies. She’s also an avid gardener and loves to care for her garden, as well as many indoor and outdoor potted plants.
For this story, Ullman considered dozens of lawn fertilizers, evaluating each for season of use, types of grass treated, ease of application, effectiveness at promoting lawn health, and overall value. She also considered feedback from customers, both positive and negative.
Our Experts:
- John Kauffman, Regional Technical Manager at TruGreen
- Chris Enroth, a horticulture educator at the University of Illinois Extension
- Daniela Galvez, senior editor at The Spruce
- Jenica Currie, editor at The Spruce
- Jeremy Laukkonen, updates writer at The Spruce