hackle

Etymology

From Middle English hakle (compare the compound meshakele), from Old English hæcla, hacele, from Proto-Germanic *hakulǭ, equivalent to hack +‎ -le. Cognate with Dutch hekel, German Hechel.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈhækəl/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈhækəl/
• Rhymes: -ækəl

Noun

hackle (countable and uncountable, plural hackles)

1. An instrument with steel pins used to comb out flax or hemp. [from 15th c.]

   Synonyms: heckle, hatchel

2. (usually now in the plural) One of the long, narrow feathers on the neck of birds, most noticeable on the rooster. [from 15th c.]
3. (fishing) A feather used to make a fishing lure or a fishing lure incorporating a feather. [from 17th c.]
4. (usually now in the plural) By extension (because the hackles of a rooster are lifted when it is angry), the hair on the nape of the neck in dogs and other animals; also used figuratively for humans. [from 19th c.]

   When the dog got angry, his hackles rose and he growled.

   • 1976, Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene, Kindle edition, OUP Oxford, published 2016, page 101:

     Suppose it happened to be the case that the majority of individuals raised their hackles only when they were truly intending to go on for a very long time in the war of attrition. The obvious counterploy would evolve: individuals would give up immediately when an opponent raised his hackles.

5. A type of jagged crack extending inwards from the broken surface of a fractured material.
6. A plate with rows of pointed needles used to blend or straighten hair. [from 20th c.]
7. A feather plume on some soldier's uniforms, especially the hat or helmet.

   Synonyms: panache, plume

8. Any flimsy substance unspun, such as raw silk.
9. (uncountable, slang) Pluck; courage or energy.
   • 1949, Eric Philbrook Kelly, The Amazing Journey of David Ingram, page 11:

     "COME ALONG YE GRASS-COMBERS, SHOW some hackle," David Ingram, striding ahead, turned back and called.

Verb

hackle (third-person singular simple present hackles, present participle hackling, simple past and past participle hackled)

1. To dress (flax or hemp) with a hackle; to prepare fibres of flax or hemp for spinning. [from 17th c.]
   • 1891, Mary Noailles Murfree, In the "Stranger People's" Country, Nebraska, published 2005, page 155:

     Then, with a smile that seemed to have all the freshness of the matutinal hour in it, she bent again to her work of hackling flax.

2. (transitive) To separate, as the coarse part of flax or hemp from the fine, by drawing it through the teeth of a hackle or hatchel.
3. (archaic, transitive) To tear asunder; to break into pieces.
   • 1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. […], London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC:

     the other divisions of the kingdom being hackled and torn to pieces

Further reading

• hackle on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• hackle (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Hackel, Kachel