dot

Etymology

From earlier *duoti, *duotie, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dṓˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti (“to give”). The present tense forms are new formations, replacing the old athematic forms (still attested in dialectal forms like domu (“I give”) instead of dodu). The past tense forms are from earlier *davu (cf. Lithuanian daviaũ); the e was extended from the past active participle form devis (< *devens < *de-d-wens).^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [duɔ̯t]

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

dot (transitive, no conjugation, present dodu, dod, dod, past devu)

1. to give (to hand to someone, so that s/he can have it)

   dot lakatu mātei ― to give a scarf to (one's) mother

   dot ziedus ― to give flowers

   dot draugam grāmatu izlasīt ― to give a friend a book to read

   dot atslēgas ― to give the keys

   dot kasierei naudu ― to give money to the cashier

   dot bērnam maizes šķēli ― to give a child a slice of bread

   dot govīm sienu ― to give hay to the cows

   dot sienu ― to give hay (to throw it with a fork)

   dot mēslojumu ― to give fertilizer, to fertilize (land, soil)

   dot ēst ― to give food (lit. to give to eat)

   dot bērnam krūti ― to give (one's) breast to a child (= to nurse, breastfeed a child)

   dot roku ― to give (one's) hand (= to wave, to greet someone, to shake hands, to hold hands)

   dot maizi ― to give bread; to provide food (e.g., in old age)

   bet kas tad tev vecumā dos maizi? ― but who will give you bread (= provide you with food) in (your) old age?

2. to give, to provide (to allow the use of a material object, to free a place for someone else's use)

   dot autobusu ekskursijai ― to give a bus to the excursion

   dot naktsmājas tūristiem ― to provide accommodation for tourists

   dot asinis, kaula smadzenes ― to give (= donate) blood, bone marrow

   dot trolejbusā vietu vecākiem pasažieriem ― to give one's place on the trolley to older passengers

   kā es vēlāk uzzināju, mājas pagaidām dod tikai ģimenēm ― as I later found out, for the time being they are giving houses only to families

3. (colloquial) to give in marriage

   krievi, krievi, leiši, leiši... visi man draugi, radi; krievam devu savu māsiņu, pats es ņēmu leišu meitu ― Russians, Russians, Lithuanians, Lithuanians... all friends, relatives to me; to a Russian I gave my little sister, (and) I myself took a Lithuanian girl (as wife)

4. (colloquial) to allow (e.g., a son or daughter) to work, to be employed

   dot dēlu par ganu ― to give a son as a shepherd (= to allow a son to work as a shepherd)

5. to give, to grant, to procure, to secure (a state, circumstances)

   dot darbu ― to give work

   dot atvaļinājumu ― to give a holiday

   dot patstāvību, brīvību ― to give autonomy, freedom

   dot priekšroku ― to give (one's) preference (to...)

   dot iespēju ― to give the opportunity, the possibility (of...)

   man bija dots mēness, lai atpūstos pēc ziemas darbiem ― a month was given to me, so that I would rest after winter's work

6. to give, to dedicate, to donate, to provide (at birth)

   tev, meistar, dodam mīlestību savu ― to you, master, we give our love

   arī tas taisnums māksla, to iemācīties nevarēja, tas cilvēkam vai nu dots no paša sākuma, vai palika visu mūžu nesasniegts ― also that straightness (is) art, one can't learn it, either it is given from the very beginning (= from birth), or it remains unobtained (for one's) whole life

7. (dated sense) to allow, to permit

   stāstu mātei, ka Dāvis man dod braukt patstāvīgi ― I tell (my) mother that Dāvis gave (= allowed) me to drive by myself

8. to give (to express orally or in writing)

   dot rīkojumu ― to give instructions, orders

   dot pavēli ― to give a command, an order

   dot norādījumus ― to give instructions

   dot atļauju ― to give permission

   dot solījumu ― to make (lit. give) a promise

   dot zvērestu ― to take (lit. give) an oath

   dot ieteikumu ― to give a recommendation

   dot parakstu ― to give (one's) signature (= to sign)

   dot liecību ― to bear, give testimony

   dot norēķinu ― to give a report (of one's actions)

   dot vārdu, nosaukumu ― to give a name, a denomination

   dot ziņu ― to give knowledge of (= to report; to announce)

9. to give (to add to a text)

   dot vārdnīcai stilistiskās norādes ― to give a dictionary stylistic references

   piezīmes dotas parindēs ― comments (are) given in parentheses

10. (mathematics, usually in the past passive participle form dots) to be given, to be known from the start

    dotais lielums ― given quantity

    uzdevums bija kvadrāta un taisnstūra laukuma aprēķināšana, ja dots perimetrs ― the task was the calculation of the square and rectangular area, if the perimeter is given

    kopu uzskata par dotu, ja ir dots pilns tās elementu saraksts ― a set is considered to be given if a full list of its elements is given

11. (of physical or mental states) to give (to create, to inspire, to generate)

    dot drosmi cīņā ― to give courage in (= to) fight

    dot možumu ― to give liveliness

    dot prieku ― to give joy, pleasure

    dot mieru ― to give peace (of mind)

    dot iemeslu ― to give (= create, be) a reason

    cerība viņus sildīja un deva jaunus spēkus cīņai par savu dzīvību ― hope warmed them and gave (them) new strength for the fight for their lives

    neesmu taču ne mazāko iemeslu devis, kas tai būtu varējis modināt cerības ― I haven't given even the slightest reason to arouse expectations, hopes

12. (of results, effects) to give, to provide, to be the cause (of something)

    eksperiments dod gaidītos resultātus ― the experiment is giving the expected results

    pētījums dod jaunas atziņas ― the study gives new insights

    dot ēnu, paēnu ― to give (= create) shade, a shadow (e.g., a tree)

    ko tas (mums) dod? ― what does this give (us)? (= what good is there in it for us?)

13. (of material objects, values; also of spiritual or cultural values) to give, to produce, to create

    dot produkciju virs plāna ― to give production (= to produce) above the plan

    govs dod daudz piena ― (this) cow gives a lot of milk

    jaunā aitu šķirne dod augstvērtīgu vilnu ― the new breed of sheep gives high-quality wool

    augļu koki pēc dziļām ziemām dažkārt dod bagātīgas augļu ražas ― fruit trees after deep winters sometimes give abundant fruit harvests

    elektriskais motors dos baltu, spodru gaismu ― the electric motor will give white, bright light

    pēdējā laikā gleznotājs devis vairākas vērtīgas gleznas ― in recent times, (this) painter has given (= produced) many valuable paintings

    visvairāk latviešu literārā valodā iesakņojušos jaunvārdu devuši J. Alunāns, Kronvaldu Atis, Rainis un A. Upīts ― most of the new words that struck root in the Latvian literary languages (were) given (by) J. Alunāns, Kronvaldu Atis, Rainis and A. Upīts

14. (colloquial) to give, to pay

    jauna mašīna maksā četrus tūkstošus, jūsēja ir pietiekami nobraukta, lai par to nedotu pat pusotra ― a new car costs four thousand, (but) yours is quite traveled, so that (one) wouldn't give one and a half thousand (= fifteen hundred)

15. (colloquial, a person's age, by sight) to give, to estimate as

    Mare vēl bija izskatīga sieva, četrdesmit sešus viņai gandrīz nevarēja dot ― Mare was still a handsome woman, you almost couldn't give her forty-six (years of age)

16. (colloquial) to hit

    dot pa ādu ― to give on the skin (= to beat, to flog, to thrash)

    tevi kāds sit, dod pretī, neļaujies apvainot! ― (if) someone hits you, give (= hit) back, don't let (him) offend you!

    viņš deva ar cirvi lācim pa pauri, lācis beigts ― he gave (hit) the bear on the top of the head with an axe, the bear (is now) finished (= dead)

    es šim vīram devu vienu pliķi ― I gave this man a slap (= I slapped his face)

17. (colloquial) to shoot, to give a shot

    nedomā kustēt! ja bēgsi, no abiem stobriem tev došu stilbos ― don't (even) think about moving! if you run, from both barrels I will give (= shoot) (you) in the leg

References

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /doːt/

Verb

dot

1. inflection of doen:
   1. second-person plural present indicative
   2. second-person plural imperative

Noun

dot (plural dot-dot, informal 1st possessive dotku, 2nd possessive dotmu, 3rd possessive dotnya)

1. nipple, teat

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *dúgdā (“daughter”). Cognate with Persian دختر (doxtar), دخت (doxt), Pashto لور (lur).

Noun

dot f

1. daughter

Etymology

From Proto-Samic *totë.

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈtoːh(t)/

Determiner

dōt

1. yonder, that way over there (very far from speaker and listener)

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *daud.

Adjective

dōt

1. dead

Etymology

From Rhine Franconian dot, from a Central German variant of Middle High German tōt, from Old High German tōt, from Proto-West Germanic *daud, from Proto-Germanic *daudaz. Compare German tot, Dutch dood, English dead, Swedish död, Icelandic dauður.

Adjective

dot

1. dead

Noun

dot (nominative plural dots)

1. doubt

Etymology

Borrowed from English dot.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɔt/

Noun

dot m (plural dotiau)

1. dot

Mutation

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dot”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies