grupa

Etymology

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Gruppe, French groupe, or Italian gruppo, ultimately from Latin grupus.^[1][2] First attested in 1765.^[3]

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -upa
• Syllabification: gru‧pa

Noun

grupa f (diminutive grupka, related adjective grupowy)

1. group (set of things or people in one place)
2. group (a number of things or persons being in some relation to one another)
3. group (number of people called together for a particular purpose or for a shared activity)
4. group (unit within a hierarhchy)

   Synonym: kategoria

5. (military) group (units from various sectors of the military placed together)
6. (chemistry) group (a column in the periodic table of chemical elements)
7. (chemistry) group (a functional group)
8. (grammar) phrase (a word or, more commonly, a group of words that functions as a single unit in the syntax of a sentence, always containing an expressed or implied head (the principal word or subgroup, with core importance) and often consisting of a head plus some other elaborating words)
9. (geology) group (a collection of formations or rock strata)
10. (group theory) group (a set with an associative binary operation, under which there exists an identity element, and such that each element has an inverse)

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), grupa is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 80 times in scientific texts, 71 times in news, 44 times in essays, 18 times in fiction, and 2 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 215 times, making it the 261st most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[4]

References

Further reading

• grupa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• grupa in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “grupa”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “grupa”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 923
• grupa in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French grouper.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrûpa/

Noun

grȕpa f (Cyrillic spelling гру̏па)

1. group

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡɾupa/ [ˈɡɾu.pa]
• Rhymes: -upa
• Syllabification: gru‧pa

Noun

grupa f (plural grupas)

1. haunch (of horse)

Further reading

• “grupa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10