ben
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ben"
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Symbol
ben
Ek okumalar
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bɛn/
- (pin–pen merger) IPA(key): /bɪn/
Audio (Southern England): (file) Audio (General Australian): (file) - Homophones: Ben; been (some accents); bin (pin–pen merger)
- Rhymes: -ɛn, -ɪn
Etymology 1
From Middle English ben, bene, from Old English bēn (“prayer, request, favor, compulsory service”), from Proto-Germanic *bōniz (“supplication”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to say”). Related to ban. More at boon.
Alternative forms
Noun
ben (plural bens)
Etymology 2
From Middle English ben, bene, variation of bin, binne (“within”), from Old English binnan (“within, in, inside of, into”), equivalent to be- + in.
Preposition
ben
- (Scotland, Northern England) In, into.
- 2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 32:
- And he was waving to me to creep in, so I just did and then just to skip ben the front and then in the lobby.
Adverb
ben (not comparable)
Adjective
ben (comparative benner, superlative benmost)
- Inner, interior.
Derived terms
- ben-end, ben-room
Noun
ben (plural bens)
- (Scotland, Northern England) The inner room of a two-room cottage (as opposed to the but); the ben room.
- 1972, George Mackay Brown, Greenvoe, Polygon, published 2019, page 25:
- Bert Kerston was awakened by a steady tap on the ben window.
Derived terms
References
Etymology 3
From Middle English been, from Old French and Medieval Latin, probably from a North African pronunciation of Arabic بَان (bān, “ben tree”).
Noun
ben (plural bens)
- A tree, Moringa oleifera or horseradish tree of Arabia and India, which produces oil of ben.
- The winged seed of the ben tree.
- The oil of the ben seed.
Synonyms
- (tree): drumstick tree, horseradish tree, moringa
Derived terms
- ben-nut
- ben oil
Translations
seed of the ben tree
oil of ben
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Etymology 4
From Arabic بِن (bin) and Hebrew בן (ben, “son”).
Alternative forms
Noun
ben (uncountable)
- (usually capitalized) Son of (used with Hebrew and Arabic surnames).
Derived terms
Translations
Etymology 5
Borrowed from Scots ben, benn, from Scottish Gaelic beinn.
Noun
ben (plural bens)
Derived terms
Etymology 6
c. 16th century. Probably from Latin bene or Italian bene.
Adjective
ben (comparative benar, superlative benat)
- (obsolete, UK, thieves' cant) Alternative spelling of bene; good.
- 1611, Thomas Middleton, The Roaring Girle:
- A gage of ben Rom-bouse, / In a bousing-ken of Rom-vile, / Is benar than a Caster, / Pecke, pennam, lay, or popler, / Which we mill in deuse a vile.
Derived terms
Etymology 7
Shortening.
Noun
ben (plural bens)
- (UK, theater, slang, obsolete) A benefit (performance to raise funds).
- year?, The Catholic Literary Circular (page 75)
- In the Chronicles of the Stage, some curious particulars are given relating to Sir Henry Herbert and the well-known Sir William Davidson, by which we learn, amongst other things, that a “ben” or benefit at Drury Lane, two centuries ago, was worth a hundred pounds.
- year?, The Catholic Literary Circular (page 75)
References
- John Camden Hotten (1873) The Slang Dictionary
See also
Anagrams
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Adjective
ben
Noun
ben
- a big thing
References
- Pavol Štekauer, Salvador Valera, Lívia Kőrtvélyessy, Word-Formation in the World's Languages: A Typological Survey (2012)
Noun
ben
References
- Silvia Kouwenberg, Berbice Dutch Glossed Texts (2013)
Pronunciation
Adverb
ben
- Alternative form of bé
- Porteu un vestit ben bonic. ― Wear a very pretty dress.
- Demà al matí ben d'hora m'aixeco i viatjo a Milan. ― Tomorrow morning quite early I'll get up and travel to Milan.
Usage notes
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle High German wenne, wanne, from Old High German hwenne, hwanne, from Proto-West Germanic *hwannā, from *hwan, from Proto-Germanic *hwan (“when”). Cognate with German wenn, wann, English when. Doublet of benn (adverb), from the same Middle High German source.
Conjunction
ben
References
- “ben” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
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Etymology 1
From Proto-Brythonic *bon, from Proto-Celtic *bonus (see Breton Ben-, Welsh bôn). Found as pen in the placename Pentewan.
Noun
ben m (plural benyow)
Etymology 2
Same source as benyn. Cognate with English queen, among others.
Noun
ben f
Usage notes
- Only found in the expression hy ben and its derivatives.
Derived terms
- hy ben (“the other, another”)
- an eyl hy ben (“one another, mutual”)
See also
- kila (masculine equivalent)
Mutation
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Etymology
From bè (“well”).
Pronunciation
Noun
ben m
Adverb
ben
- Alternative form of bè
References
Etymology
From Old Norse bein (“bone, leg”), from Proto-Germanic *bainą, cognate with English bone, German Bein.
Pronunciation
Noun
ben n (singular definite benet, plural indefinite ben)
- leg (a limb of a human or an animal used for walking; also, by analogy, the legs of a desk or a chair)
- Synonym: pusselanke (childish; joking)
- bone (any part of the skeleton)
- sinecure (a position that requires little to no work but still gives an ample payment; a cushy job.)
Declension
Declension of ben
References
- “ben” in Den Danske Ordbog
Etymology
From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀩𑀳𑀺𑀡𑀻 (bahiṇī), from Sanskrit भगिनी (bhaginī). Cognate with Hindi बहन (bahan).
Pronunciation
Noun
ben f
References
- Matras, Yaron (2012) A Grammar of Domari (Mouton Grammar Library), Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 65
Etymology
From Middle Dutch bim, from Proto-Germanic *beuną.
Pronunciation
Verb
ben
- inflection of zijn:
Usage notes
Ben, as an imperative, is considered non-standard, the standard form being wees.
Synonyms
- (imperative) wees
Descendants
- Skepi Creole Dutch: ben
References
Etymology
From Old Norse ben, from Proto-Germanic *banjō.
Noun
ben n (genitive singular bens, plural ben)
Declension
Noun
ben f (genitive singular benjar, plural benjar)
Declension
Derived terms
- benjardøgg
- benjarkolvur
Etymology
From Middle English bynne, from Old English binne, from Proto-West Germanic *binnu.
Noun
ben
References
- J. J. Hogan and Patrick C. O'Neill (1947) Béaloideas Iml. 17, Uimh 1/2, An Cumann Le Béaloideas Eireann/Folklore of lreland Society, page 264
Etymology 1
Alternative form of bien
Pronunciation
Interjection
ben
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Noun
ben m (plural bens)
Further reading
- “ben”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Etymology
Adverb
ben
Antonyms
Noun
ben
Related terms
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese ben, from Latin bene.
Pronunciation
Noun
ben m (plural bens)
- benefit; welfare
- Synonym: beneficio
- (in the plural) goods
- good (the forces that are the enemy of evil)
- Antonym: mal
Related terms
Adverb
ben
- well
- Antonym: mal
- Ben feito! ― Well done!
- very; a lot; enough
- Eche un rapaz ben espilido! ― He's a very smart young man!
- 1473, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 29:
- cando se ganou dos mouros a grande batalla da figeira en donde tamen perdin e me mataron o cabalo e eu sahin ben librado enpero ben ferido de hua saetada enno braço dereito que non a vin curada fasta pasados ben tres meses
- when the great Battle of the Figtree was won to the Moors, where I also lost —and they killed— my horse and I got out safe but badly injured of an arrow shot in the right arm, wound that I saw not cured until more than three months later
- (followed by de or a contraction of de) a lot (of)
- Bótalle ben de zucre, sen medo! ― Add a lot of sugar, don't be shy!
- plus, or more, upwards
- c. 1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F, page 174:
- Et durou a guerra dessa uez ontre elles bem dous ãnos, fazendosse todauia muyto mal os hũus aos outros, de guisa que, ante que sse aquella contenda fijnse, morrerõ y muytos
- And the war between them lasted that time for two years plus, making in every way a lot of harm the ones to the others, in wise that, before that conflict had ended, many died there
Related terms
References
- “ben”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “ben”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “ben”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “ben”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Etymology
Borrowed from Italian bene, French bien, Spanish bien and Portuguese bem.
Pronunciation
Adverb
ben (comparative melio, superlative le melio)
Derived terms
Etymology
Adverb
ben
Pronunciation
Adverb
ben (apocopated)
Derived terms
Romanization
ben
Etymology
From Portuguese vir.
Verb
ben
- to come
Etymology
Adverb
ben (comparative miec)
Noun
ben m (plural bens)
Etymology
Adverb
ben
Romanization
ben
- Nonstandard spelling of bēn.
- Nonstandard spelling of běn.
- Nonstandard spelling of bèn.
Usage notes
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Etymology
From Old Irish ben, from Proto-Celtic *benā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.
Pronunciation
Noun
Mutation
References
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ben”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Verb
ben
- Alternative form of been
References
- “bēn” listed in the Middle English Dictionary [2001]
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ɛn
Noun
ben ?
Derived terms
Related terms
- bend
- benî
Etymology
From Danish ben, from Old Norse bein, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.
Noun
ben n (definite singular benet, indefinite plural ben, definite plural bena or benene)
Alternative forms
Derived terms
References
- “ben” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Etymology
From Old Occitan ben, from Latin bene.
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Adverb
ben
Derived terms
Noun
ben m (plural bens)
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *bainą.
Noun
bēn n
Inflection
Declension of bēn (neuter a-stem noun)
Descendants
Further reading
- “bēn”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Etymology 1
From Proto-Germanic *bōniz. Cognate with Old Norse bón.
Pronunciation
Noun
bēn f (nominative plural bēne or bēna)
- prayer, praying
- request, entreaty
- boon
- late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Basilius, Bishop"
- Bide nu æt gode þæt ic grecisc cunne. Þa cwæþ se biscop him to, þu bæde ofer mine mæðe ac uton swa þeah biddan þas bena æt gode.
- Pray now to God that I may know Greek. Pray now to God that I may know Greek. Then said the Bishop to him, 'Thou hast asked beyond my power, but let us, nevertheless, ask this boon of God.'
- late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Basilius, Bishop"
Declension
Strong i-stem:
Descendants
Etymology 2
From Proto-Germanic *banjō. Cognate with Old Norse ben.
Pronunciation
Noun
ben f
- Alternative form of benn
Adverb
ben
- (Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of bien
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *bain, from Proto-Germanic *bainą. Cognates include Old English bān, Old Saxon bēn and Old Dutch bēn.
Pronunciation
Noun
bēn n
Descendants
References
- Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Celtic *benā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.
Noun
ben f (genitive mná, nominative plural mná)
- woman
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 31c7
- arna érbarthar, “Ó chretsit, nín·tá airli ar mban”
- lest it be said, “Since they believed, we do not have management (?) of our women”
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 31c7
- wife
- Synonym: séitig
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 22c10
- Is bés trá dosom aní-siu cosc inna mban i tossug et a tabairt fo chumacte a feir, armbat irlamu de ind ḟir fo chumacte Dǽi, co·mbí íarum coscitir ind ḟir et do·airbertar fo réir Dǽ.
- This, then, is a custom of his, to correct the wives at first and to bring them under the power of their husbands, so that the husbands may be the readier under God’s power, so that afterwards the husbands are corrected and bowed down in subjection to God.
Inflection
Derived terms
Descendants
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
·ben
Verb
ben
Mutation
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ben”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 291, page 184; reprinted 2017
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *banjō.
Noun
ben f (genitive benjar, plural benjar)
ben n
Declension
Declension of ben (strong jō-stem)
Declension of ben (strong ja-stem)
Related terms
References
- “ben”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Etymology
Adjective
ben
Descendants
- Occitan: ben
References
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “bene”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 1: A–B, page 322
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *bain.
Noun
bēn n
Descendants
Alternative forms
- ᛒᚽᚿ (Runic)
Etymology
From Old Norse bein, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.
Pronunciation
Noun
bēn n
Declension
Declension of bēn (strong a-stem)
Descendants
- Swedish: ben
Etymology 1
From Old English binnan.
Preposition
ben
Adjective
ben (comparative benner, superlative benmaist)
Noun
ben (plural bens)
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Scottish Gaelic beinn.
Noun
ben (plural bens)
References
- “ben, adv.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, retrieved 12 June 2024, reproduced from William A[lexander] Craigie, A[dam] J[ack] Aitken [et al.], editors, A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue: […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1931–2002, →OCLC.
- “ben, adv., prep., adj., n.1.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, retrieved 12 June 2024, reproduced from W[illiam] Grant and D[avid] D. Murison, editors, The Scottish National Dictionary, Edinburgh: Scottish National Dictionary Association, 1931–1976, →OCLC.
- “ben, n.3.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, retrieved 12 June 2024, reproduced from W[illiam] Grant and D[avid] D. Murison, editors, The Scottish National Dictionary, Edinburgh: Scottish National Dictionary Association, 1931–1976, →OCLC.
Etymology
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بك (beñ).
Noun
ben m (Cyrillic spelling бен)
Further reading
Etymology
Pronunciation
Particle
ben
- Verbal marker for the past tense.
Usage notes
This marker can be combined with the markers sa or o for the future tense and e for the progressive aspect, in which case the order, if all are used, is that of ben sa/o e. Some examples:
- mi ben waka: “I had walked”.
- mi ben e waka: “I was walking”.
- mi ben sa waka: “I would walk”.
- mi ben sa e waka: “I would have been walking”.
Derived terms
Etymology
From Old Swedish bēn, from Old Norse bein, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.
Pronunciation
Noun
ben n
- (anatomy) leg; a body part
- leg; part of trousers which covers the legs
- the part of a piece furniture on which it stands
- (anatomy) bone; any of the components of an endoskeleton
- (anatomy) bone; the material of the endoskeleton
Declension
| nominative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | indefinite | ben | bens |
| definite | benet | benets | |
| plural | indefinite | ben | bens |
| definite | benen | benens |
| nominative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | indefinite | ben | bens |
| definite | bene | benes | |
| plural | indefinite | ben | bens |
| definite | bena | benas |
Related terms
- armbågsben
- bakben
- bena
- bena upp
- bena ut
- benaska
- benbildning
- benbit
- benbrott
- benfisk
- benflisa
- benfri
- benfärgad
- benföring
- benget
- bengädda
- benhinna
- benhus
- benhård
- benig
- benighet
- bening
- benkläder
- benknota
- benknäckare
- benkol
- benlim
- benlinda
- benling
- benläder
- benlös
- benmassa
- benmjöl
- benmuskel
- benmärg
- benpipa
- benporslin
- benprotes
- benrangel
- benrester
- benröta
- bensax
- benskada
- benskena
- benskydd
- benskör
- benskörhet
- benspark
- bensprattel
- benstomme
- bensträckare
- benstump
- benstyrka
- bensår
- bentackling
- bentag
- benutrymme
- benved
- benvit
- benvärmare
- benvävnad
- bröstben
- båtben
- enbent
- fingerben
- fiskben
- framben
- fyrbent
- handlovsben
- hundben
- karpalben
- kobent
- korsben
- köttben
- lårben
- lösben
- mellanhandsben
- nyckelben
- penisben
- revben
- skenben
- skinn och ben
- strålben
- trebent
- träben
- tvåbent
- underben
- vadben
- vristben
- överarmsben
References
Pronunciation
- (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA(key): [ɓɛn˧˥]
- (Trùng Khánh) IPA(key): [ɓɛn˦]
Etymology 1
Noun
ben
Etymology 2
Noun
ben (扁)
Verb
ben (扁)
- to wrap around
- Ben đảy pác khêm bấu ben đảy pác cần.
- You can wrap up a needlestick but you can't wrap up a person's mouth.
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Noun
(classifier ăn) ben
- weir
- ngắt ben ― to stretch the weir
- nằng ben ― to wait for fish at the weir
References
- Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
- Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
- Léopold Michel Cadière (1910) Dictionnaire Tày-Annamite-Français [Tày-Vietnamese-French Dictionary] (in French), Hanoi: Impressions d'Extrême-Orient
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