kim

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”).^[1] Cognate with Turkish kim, Old Turkic 𐰚𐰢 (kem, “who”), etc.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [cim]

• Audio (Baku):

  (file)

Pronoun

kim (definite accusative kimi, plural kimlər)

1. who

See also

References

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”).

Pronoun

kim

1. who, whom

References

• Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎, Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kiːm/, [kʰiːˀm]

Noun

kim c or n (singular definite kimen or kimet, plural indefinite kim, plural definite kimene)

1. germ
2. seeds pl

Etymology

From Middle Dutch kimme. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɪm/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: kim
• Rhymes: -ɪm
• Homophone: Kim

Noun

kim f (plural kimmen, diminutive kimmetje n)

1. horizon

Anagrams

• mik

Pronoun

kim

1. we; us (1st person plural exclusive absolutive form)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish كِمْ (kim, gim), from Proto-Turkic *kem.^[1] Compare Turkish kim, Azerbaijani kim.^[2]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /cim/

Pronoun

kim (accusative kimi, plural kimnär)

1. (interrogative) who?

   kimi inanêrsın?

   who do you believe?

   • 2015 November 24, Yuliya JEREBŢOVA, “İntelektual oyunu “KİM İSTEER OLMAA HALİZ GAGAUZ””, in Ana Sözü‎:

     Kasım ayın 17-dä Kiriyet küüyün “Dionis TANASOGLU” adına teoretik liţeyindä, 9-cu klaslar için, seftä geçti pek meraklı bit intelektual oyunu – “KİM İSTEER OLMAA HALİZ GAGAUZ”. Hazırladı onu liţeyin gagauz dilindä hem literaturasında üüredici Anna Kirilovna KOLOMİİTSEVA.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 2019 April 10, Todur Zanet, “Bu bokluklardan tarafımızı kim paklayacek?”, in Ana Sözü‎:

     Bu bokluklardan tarafımızı kim paklayacek?

     Who will clean our place from these crap?

2. (relative) who, that

   kardaşım, kim bırda yaşêêr

   my sibling who lives here

References

Further reading

• N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “ким”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 269
• Mavrodi M. F., editor (2019), “kimi”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 1-4, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN
• Kopuşçu M. İ. , Todorova S. A. , Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), “kimi”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 100

Etymology

ki (“who”) +‎ -m (“my, of mine”, possessive suffix)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkim]
• Hyphenation: kim

Pronoun

kim

1. first-person singular single-possession possessive of ki

   Kim vagy te nekem? - Én nem Kim vagyok, hanem a bácsikád. ― Who of mine are you? - I'm not Kim but your uncle.

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”). Relate to Crimean Tatar kim ,Karachay-Balkar ким (kim) ,Kumyk ким (kim) , Urum ким (kim) ,Tofa ӄум (qum), Tuvan кым (kım), etc.

Pronoun

kim

1. who

References

kim

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kɪm]
• (Xarrâbî) IPA^(key): [kɪm]

Pronoun

kim (oblique, plural stem)

1. Alternative form of kêm (“who”).

References

• Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
• Doerfer, Gerhard (1988) Grammatik des Chaladsch [Grammar of Khalaj] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, →OCLC

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kümmen. Akin to Finnish kymmenen.

Numeral

kim

1. ten

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʲim/

Pronoun

kim

1. instrumental of chto
2. locative of chto

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *kiːm, from Chinese 針 (OC *kjum, *kjums).

Noun

kim

1. needle

References

• Alexandre de Rhodes (1651) “kim”, in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (in Middle Vietnamese, Latin, and Portuguese), Rome: Propaganda Fide

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *kiːm, from Chinese 針 (OC *kjum, *kjums). Cognate with Vietnamese kim.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kim¹/

Noun

kim

1. (Mường Bi) needle

Noun

kim m (definite singular kimen, indefinite plural kimar, definite plural kimane)

1. Alternative form of kime

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkim/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -im
• Syllabification: kim

Pronoun

kim

1. instrumental of kto
2. locative of kto

Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Kümmel, from Latin cuminum, from Ancient Greek κύμινον (kúminon).

Etymology 2

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish كیم (kim, “who”), from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰚𐰢 (kem, “who”), Karakhanid كِمْ (kim, “who”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /cim/

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

kim

1. who

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [kim˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [kim˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [kim˧˧]

• Audio (Hà Nội):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 金 (“metal; gold”).

This reading is irregular, the expected reading would be *câm; cf. cấm < 禁 (MC kimH), cầm < 琴 (MC gim). ⟨-im⟩ is a very rare rime in Sino-Vietnamese proper, with this and the homophonous kim < 今 (MC kim) being the only examples.

It is possible that the usage of kim as the Sino-Vietnamese reading for 金 (MC kim) and 今 (MC kim) was to avoid homophony with câm (“mute”), although it is difficult to be sure. The much less common 衿 (MC kim) (that basically has no usage in Vietnamese) is considered to have the expected reading câm.

Also possibly compare Korean 금 (geum) and 김 (gim), the former is the expected Sino-Korean reading of 金 (MC kim) while the latter found chiefly as a surname.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Vietic *kiːm. Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 針 (“needle”, SV: châm). Cognate to Muong kim.

Attested as kim in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

See also

• Kim

Pronoun

kim

1. who (nominative)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ki˩̰/

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 貴 (kʉi^H, “expensive”)

Etymology 2

From Mandarin 跪 (guì) ("to kneel").