修 - Wikiwand

More information trad., simp. # ...

trad.		修
simp. ^#		修
2nd round simp.		㣊
alternative forms		俢脩

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 修, Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) ...

Historical forms of the character 修
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Small seal script s06485 Transcribed ancient scripts L33637 L33638 L33639 L33640 L33641 L11965 L11966 L11967 L11968 L11969
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
絛	*l̥ʰɯːw
窱	ʔl'ɯːwʔ, l̥ʰɯːws
蓧	l̥ʰɯːw, l'ɯːwɢ
條	*l'ɯːw
鋚	*l'ɯːw
鞗	*l'ɯːw
樤	*l'ɯːw
鰷	*l'ɯːw
莜	*l'ɯːws
翛	slɯːw, hljɯwɢ
筱	*slɯːwʔ
篠	*slɯːwʔ
修	*slɯw
脩	*slɯw
樇	*slɯw
滫	*slɯwʔ
悠	*lɯw
攸	*lɯw
浟	*lɯw
蓨	*l̥ʰɯːwɢ
滌	*l'ɯːwɢ
儵	*hljɯwɢ
倐	*hljɯwɢ
倏	*hljɯwɢ
虪	*hljɯwɢ

Characters in the same phonetic series (攸) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *slɯw): phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 彡.

Pronunciation

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	修
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息流切
Baxter	sjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/siu/
Shao Rongfen	/siəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/suw/
Li Rong	/siu/
Wang Li	/sĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sau¹

More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	修
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiū
Middle Chinese	‹ sjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*s-liw/
English	adorn
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	修
Reading #	1/1
No.	15475
Phonetic component	攸
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	脩
Old Chinese	/*slɯw/

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xiū (xiu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄡ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xiu¹

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шю (ši͡u, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sau¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhiu¹
Gan (Wiktionary): xiu¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): siû

(Hailu, HRS): siu^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): xiu¹
Jin (Wiktionary): xiou¹
Northern Min (KCR): siú
Eastern Min (BUC): siŭ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): siu¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): siu

(Teochew, Peng'im): siu¹

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): xiu¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹shieu
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xiou¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiū
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siou
  - Wade–Giles: hsiu¹
  - Yale: syōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiou
  - Palladius: сю (sju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xiu¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiəu⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шю (ši͡u, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiou²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sau¹
  - Yale: sāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: seo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lhiu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiu³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: xiu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiu⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siû
  - Hakka Romanization System: xiu^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /si̯u²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: siu^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /siu⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: xiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /siu⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xiou¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiəu¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: siú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siu⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: siŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sieu⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: siu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiu⁵³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siu
  - Tâi-lô: siu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siu³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siu⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: siu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siu³³/
- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: xiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /siu³⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹shieu
  - MiniDict: shieu^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹xieu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiɤ⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: xiou¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯əu̯³³/

Middle Chinese: sjuw

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-liw/

(Zhengzhang): /*slɯw/

Definitions

修

to decorate; to embellish
to repair; to mend
to build; to construct
修鐵路／修铁路 ― xiū tiělù ― to build a railway
to revise; to write; to compile
(education) to study; to cultivate; to take a course
(obsolete) tall; slim; long
- 千株老柏，萬節修篁。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  千株老柏，万节修篁。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16^th century CE
  Qiān zhū lǎo bǎi, wàn jié xiū huáng. [Pinyin]
  A thousand stalks of old cypress, ten thousand stems of tall bamboo.
Short for 修正主義／修正主义 (xiūzhèng zhǔyì). revisionism
a surname

Synonyms

(to build):

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		蓋, 建, 建造, 建築, 興建, 修建
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	蓋
	Taiwan	蓋
	Harbin	蓋
	Singapore	建
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	蓋
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	蓋
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	蓋
	Xi'an	蓋
	Xining	蓋
	Xuzhou	起
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	蓋
	Lanzhou	蓋
	Ürümqi	蓋, 起
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	修, 起
	Guiyang	起, 修
	Liuzhou	起
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	蓋, 造
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	蓋
Cantonese	Guangzhou	起
	Hong Kong	起
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	起
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	起
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	起
	Taishan	起
	Dongguan	起
	Rongxian	起
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	起
	Hepu (Shatian)	做
	Guiping	起
	Guiping (Mule)	起, 整
	Pingnan	起
	Guigang (Gangcheng)	起
	Guigang (Pingdong)	起
	Beihai	起
	Beihai (Nankang)	起
	Beihai (Yingpan)	起
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	起, 做
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	起
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	做
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	起, 搭
	Singapore (Guangfu)	起
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	起
	Móng Cái	起
	Bangkok (Guangfu)	起
	Betong (Rongxian)	起
Gan	Nanchang	起
	Lichuan	做
	Pingxiang	起
Hakka	Meixian	起, 做
	Yudu	做
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	起
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	起
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	起
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	起
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	起
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	起
	Hong Kong	起
	Senai (Huiyang)	起
Huizhou	Jixi	起
Jin	Taiyuan	蓋
Jin	Xinzhou	蓋
Northern Min	Jian'ou	開
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	起
Eastern Min	Matsu	起
Southern Min	Xiamen	起
	Quanzhou	起
	Zhangzhou	起
	Tainan	起
	Singapore (Hokkien)	起
	Chaozhou	起
	Shantou	起
	Jieyang	起
	Bangkok (Teochew)	起
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	起
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	起
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	起
	Singapore (Teochew)	起
	Leizhou	作
	Haikou	作
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	起
Wu	Shanghai	造
	Shanghai (Chongming)	造, 起
	Suzhou	造
	Danyang	砌
	Hangzhou	造
	Ningbo	起
	Jinhua	起
Xiang	Changsha	起
Xiang	Loudi	起

Dialectal synonyms of 蓋 (“to build; to construct (a building)”) [map]

(to repair):

edit

保養 / 保养 (bǎoyǎng)
修理 (xiūlǐ)
修補 / 修补 (xiūbǔ)
拾掇 (shíduo) (colloquial)
擺劃 / 摆划 (bǎihua) (regional)
擺弄 / 摆弄 (colloquial)
收拾
整 (zhěng)
整治 (zhěngzhì)
檢修 / 检修 (jiǎnxiū)
維修 / 维修 (wéixiū)
補 / 补 (bǔ)
補修 / 补修 (bǔxiū)

Compounds

不修
不修小節 / 不修小节
不修帷薄
不修邊幅 / 不修边幅 (bùxiūbiānfú)
主修 (zhǔxiū)
俊眼修眉
修五臟廟 / 修五脏庙
修仙 (xiūxiān)
修修
修函
修剪 (xiūjiǎn)
修史 (xiūshǐ)
修名
修和
修墓
修士 (xiūshì)
修女 (xiūnǚ)
修好 (xiūhǎo)
修學 / 修学 (xiūxué)
修容
修己
修建 (xiūjiàn)
修復 / 修复 (xiūfù)
修憲 / 修宪 (xiūxiàn)
修持
修指甲
修撰 (xiūzhuàn)
修改 (xiūgǎi)
修整 (xiūzhěng)
修文
修文偃武
修明 (xiūmíng)
修書 / 修书 (xiūshū)
修枝
修業 / 修业 (xiūyè)
修橋補路 / 修桥补路
修正 (xiūzhèng)
修正主義 / 修正主义 (xiūzhèng zhǔyì)
修正液 (xiūzhèngyè)
修武 (Xiūwǔ)
修母畫荻 / 修母画荻 (xiū mǔ huàdí)
修治 (xiūzhì)
修濬
修煉 / 修炼 (xiūliàn)
修版
修理 (xiūlǐ)
修省
修眉 (xiūméi)
修睦
修短
修禊 (xiūxì)
修竹 (xiūzhú)
修築 / 修筑 (xiūzhù)
修練 / 修练 (xiūliàn)
修繕 / 修缮 (xiūshàn)
修置產室 / 修置产室
修習 / 修习
修腳 / 修脚 (xiūjiǎo)
修舊利廢 / 修旧利废
修葺 (xiūqì)
修蓋 / 修盖
修行 (xiūxíng)
修補 / 修补 (xiūbǔ)
修訂 / 修订 (xiūdìng)
修訂本 / 修订本 (xiūdìngběn)
修課 / 修课 (xiūkè)
修謹以俟 / 修谨以俟
修譜 / 修谱
修護 / 修护
修路 (xiūlù)
修身 (xiūshēn)
修身養性 / 修身养性 (xiūshēn yǎngxìng)
修身齊家 / 修身齐家
修辭 / 修辞 (xiūcí)
修辭學 / 修辞学 (xiūcíxué)
修辭格 / 修辞格
修造 (xiūzào)
修道 (xiūdào)
修道院 (xiūdàoyuàn)
修邊 / 修边
修邊幅 / 修边幅
修鍊 / 修炼 (xiūliàn)
修長 / 修长 (xiūcháng)
修阻
修面 (xiūmiàn)
修飾 / 修饰 (xiūshì)
修飾邊幅 / 修饰边幅
修養 / 修养 (xiūyǎng)
修齋 / 修斋
修齡 / 修龄
偃武修文
公門修行 / 公门修行
兼修 (jiānxiū)
前修
地下修文
在家修
在職進修 / 在职进修
報修 / 报修 (bàoxiū)
大修 (dàxiū)
失修 (shīxiū)
女修士
姱修
專修 / 专修 (zhuānxiū)
導修課 / 导修课 (dǎoxiūkè)
小修
帕修斯
帷薄不修
帶髮修行 / 带发修行
年久失修 (niánjiǔshīxiū)
必修 (bìxiū)
必修科
忒修斯 (Tèxiūsī)
恨苦修行
承修 (chéngxiū)
搶修 / 抢修 (qiǎngxiū)
擋修 / 挡修
整修 (zhěngxiū)
文修武偃
文修武備 / 文修武备
暑修班
束修
束身修行
束身自修
棄武修文 / 弃武修文
檢修 / 检修 (jiǎnxiū)
武偃文修
歲修 / 岁修
清修
滅罪修因 / 灭罪修因
滴修都速
演武修文
潛修 / 潜修
焚修
監修 / 监修
研修 (yánxiū)
碎修兒 / 碎修儿
福惠雙修 / 福惠双修
程序修憲 / 程序修宪
維修 / 维修 (wéixiū)
編修 / 编修 (biānxiū)
纂修 (zuǎnxiū)
翻修 (fānxiū)
聯帝反修 / 联帝反修
自修 (zìxiū)
興修 / 兴修 (xīngxiū)
苦修
茂林修竹 (màolínxiūzhú)
蘇修 / 苏修 (Sūxiū)
術德兼修 / 术德兼修
補修 / 补修 (bǔxiū)
裝修 / 装修 (zhuāngxiū)
講信修睦 / 讲信修睦
蹇修
進修 / 进修 (jìnxiū)
進德修業 / 进德修业
選修 / 选修 (xuǎnxiū)
選修科 / 选修科
邊幅不修 / 边幅不修
重修 (chóngxiū)
重修舊好 / 重修旧好 (chóngxiūjiùhǎo)
阻修
阿修羅 / 阿修罗 (āxiūluó)
雙修 / 双修
靈修 / 灵修 (língxiū)
靜修 / 静修
養性修真 / 养性修真

References

“修”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “修”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 266.

修

Translingual

Han character

Usage notes

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

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Proper noun

Korean

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